Shock - PS-E - Synbra Technology bv

Plastics Technology, 2004-06-01, Plastic-Metal Hybrids Are Now Blow Molded
Bayer Polymers has developed a blow molding technology that is putting new bounce into shock-absorbent seating for motorcycles, snowmobiles, tractors and off-road vehicles. Bayer has a patent-pending ...

Kunststoffe international, Almost like Human Bone
...or extrusion. The uniform distribution of the ceramic additives in the polymer is crucial for constant product quality and the characteristics of the implant. Figure 1 shows a scanning electron micrograph of an injection molded test specimen after shock freezing in liquid nitrogen and subsequent fracture. The electron micrograph shows the cross section with the distribution of the ceramic particles in the polymer matrix.Depending on the particular application and the implantation site, different...

Kunststoffe international, Alternatives to Gluing and Mechanical Joining
...her materials combinations and different surface pretreatments and joining processes. For applications in the automotive field, the corrosion resistance of the join plays an important role in addition to thermal shock endurance. Media tightness is important above all for housing applications, such as for electronic components. In the near future, further investigations are planned within the framework of the project, e. g., corrosion tests according to DIN EN ISO 11997. The goal is to transfer ...

Kunststoffe international, Half a Million More Parts
...han conventional dry ice pellets. This is accelerated with compressed air to supersonic speed and can penetrate even into very delicate contours as well as cavities. The impact results in a combination of kinetic, thermal shock and thermokinetic effects. At the impact point, this results in a kind of “microexplosion” that spreads over the surface. This “explosion wave” has very efficient lifting force, which reliably removes the contaminants from the cavities. In order to ensure that the microp...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, A Systematic Approach to Micro-Injection Moulding
...stablish whether a variotherm temperature control will be required when the moulding compound is injected into the cavity so as to ensure that the microstructure is correctly reproduced. This can be achieved through an inductive heat-up, followed by shock cooling with water or CO2. The actual definition of micro-injection moulding applications is a very wide one, which deliberately leaves room for interpretation, and should also not be restricted unnecessarily. It thus not only takes in ultra-sm...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Blow Moulding: More than Hot Air
...Milacron offers an MED series injection blow moulding machine with cleanroom capability (Fig.8). The company Ossberger presented the new Pressblower injection blow moulding machine DUO 55, which is particularly suitable for bellows in the vehicle shock absorber area. Innovations in Components, Too W. Müller GmbH from Troisdorf/Germany, noted for its parison heads, has probably built the world's largest five-cavity head with a shipping weight of 21 tonnes (Fig.9). The parison head is used fo...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Development History of Plastics: Growth through Changing Times
...il prices rose by 300%, the price of ethylene by 200% and polymer prices by up to 100%. It took the plastics industry two years to recover from this oil shock. In 1977, ICI reported the preparation of polyetheretherketone (PEEK), an extremely heat-resistant material, which went into production in 1983. In 1980, linear low-density polyethylene (PE-LLD) was introduced. In 1983, ICI started production of polyethersulphone (PES), a transparent high-performance material. In the same year, Bayer comme...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Development Trends: Extrusion Blow-moulded Automotive Components
...f up to 1200g are also possible. New Applications In 2001, the German Reinold-Hagen-Preis was awarded to an impressive innovation: blown components were filled with expanding foam. In future, this new method will allow the production of shock absorbers for better passenger protection or the introduction of bumper cores. Other new developments in this area will be implemented in co-operation with the OEMs. Depending on the size of the products, they will be produced on small extrusion blow moul...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Diode Lasers: Joining Plastics with High Productivity and Reliability
...today. The typical base materials polyamide (PA 6.6 GF 30) or PBT are frequently used in the engine compartment of cars, e.g. the air mass flow sensor shown in Fig.1. This application requires a reliable tight connection, insensitivity to vibration, shock and variations in temperature as well as a defined displacement of the part during quasi-simultaneous welding. Different land widths play no role in this joining technology since through simple programming the laser energy can be applied in a d...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Driving the Automotive Industry: Engineering Elastomers
...r chloroprene rubber (CR) are hoses, cables, V- belts, toothed belts and conveyor belts. Other uses include corrosion-proof linings, sealing strips and in some cases shock absorber seals. A novel application that deserves mention is a reinforced rubber hose from Festo, Esslingen/Germany, that functions as a flexible pneumatic muscle [14]. The tractive force and therefore functionality of this innovative industrial drive element is generated by inflating the hose with high-pressure compressed air...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Elastomers
...) lie in the fields of hose, cable, V-belts and conveyor belts, corrosion protection linings and waterproofing sheeting (Fig.7), and, in many cases, for shock-absorber seals. For toothed belts, alongside HNBR, CR continues to be used, as well as alkylated chlorosulphonated PE (Acsium) [3], which is also used, for example, for brake caps and hosing. At K’01 EniChem presented ButaclorXL305, a new latex (sulphur grade) with low crystallisation, for example for dipping articles. A growing field for ...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Expandable Polystyrene (EPS)
...oad-carrying capacity and as support for noise protection barriers as well as for anti-frost layers for roads and railroad lines. The positive characteristics of EPS foams are also made use of in personal protection equipment. Examples of this are shock absorbing foam liners for protective helmets for cyclists, other protective helmets for example for sportsmen in many kinds of sports, shock absorbing pads for guard rail posts, child safety seats in automobiles, life rings and life jackets as we...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Graphic-based Control Technology: Full Automation of One-component Foaming Lines
... site conditions are no special challenge for the dust and water proof Simatic multi panel MP 370 mounted on the front side. The equipment with its hard disk free operating system Windows CE is insensitive to electromagnetic influences, shock and vibration as well as increased temperatures and air humidity. With these characteristics it contributes also to the fact that CeraCon can guarantee an availability of 95% for its Foamply plants. A subsequent project for a prominent plastics machine manu...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Injection Moulding by MuCell Technology: Pole Position
...technical demands. Therefore thorough tests had to be carried out to simulate the natural ageing process, for example by means of extreme temperature fluctuations in a climatic chamber. In the thermal shock test, the proper functioning of the prototype parts was tested for 100000 cycles in the range from –40 to 100°C. The prototypes also had to undergo vibration and flame-resistance tests. Until now, parts produced by the MuCell process have passed these tests satisfactorily and have not sho...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, It All Depends on the Blend
...mpact perpendicular to the laminate surface. Great importance is therefore attached to the development of laminates with a low tendency to delaminate. Fibre composites are lightweight structural materials and therefore subject to a wide variety of shocks. As far as possible, they are required to retain their initial properties under such conditions. Impact is one of the most important of the mechanical loads occurring during normal service. In multilayer laminates, impact perpendicular to the ...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Machine Maintenance 2003: State of the Art and Future Trends
...eshold deviation for precise temperature measurement; - short response time, high signal stroke; - no insulation problems because always insulated; - small dimensions, low self-heating; - insensitive to vibration, temperature shock and temperature fluctuations at the connection point; - international standard Pt1000, connection via standard input subassemblies; - copper conductor compared with thermal lines in thermocouples, no thermoplug needed. The disadvantage is the slightly higher price com...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Materials and Processes: Electrical Engineering in Transformation
...ct groups and grades in accessories technology. In addition to the thermoplastics used for insulation and housings, elastomers are particularly used in a wide variety of forms (silicones and EPDM). Thermosets are usually used for parts (e.g. shock-resistant housings), and for their properties as filling compounds (e.g. cast-resin joint boxes). As regards processing techniques, injection moulding and extrusion of thermoplastics and elastomers predominate. Of the latter, compression moulding and r...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Motor Vehicle Interiors
...wall slush-moulding applications that save on weight and material. A modified variant, CytraXCT200, a blend of ABS, PBT and PC, can be used in applications for higher-spec applications involving heat resistance and shock resistance, such as upper door trim and defroster grilles in the instrument panel. Another GEP product is the glassfibre-reinforced polypropylene composite, AzdelSuperLite, which can be used for instrument panel, door trim and roof parts. Its high rigidity and good dimensional s...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, MuCell Process: Microcellular Parts from the Injection Moulding Machine
...h materials, the fracture resistance and modulus of elasticity decreased, as expected, with reducing weight both at room temperature and at increased temperature. With the weight reduction, the elongation at break also decreased. The shock loading was investigated by means of the Charpy flexural impact test at room temperature on unnotched specimens. For both materials, it was found that the lower the weight, the greater was the increase in the impact work absorbed, with the specimens being orie...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Perspectives at the Start of a New Millennium
...s in strength under load and enhance accident performance. Parts made of fibre composites can actually be made to perform in this way, e.g., by selective delamination on impact. Crash absorber combinations of steel or aluminium load distributors and shock absorbers of expanded PUR or PP are conceivable. Polycarbonate glazing is safer in the event of an accident and is much lighter than its glass counterpart. New application areas for plastics parts in cars: Low-Emissions Engines Emissions-Free ...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Pipe and Profile Extrusion: Continually Increased
...hybrid extruder that can be used both for processing rubber blends or as an alternative for TPE extrusion. A drive concept that is novel for rubber extrusion, based on a three-phase synchronous motor, is used for the first time. For shock vulcanisation of silicone rubber hoses and profiles, Rubicon exhibited a new infrared shock tunnel, equipped with high-performance quartz-glass radiators. The radiator temperatures of over 2000°C permit effective vulcanisation and penetration of the infrared ra...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Plastic, the All-purpose Material: Function in Form
...and downhill devotees. Elastogran joined forces with DT Swiss of Biel/Switzerland, one of the biggest manufacturers of high-end bicycle spokes and hubs, to develop a new suspension element (Fig.4). The DT Swiss shock absorber is a pneumatic cylinder combined with a negative spring of polyurethane cast elastomer (grade: Cellasto). This material in the shock absorber is highly elastic and can be accurately tailored to the driver and type of bike. It is also particularly abrasion resistant, failsaf...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Polypropylene Foam: Safe Playing Surfaces in Any Weather
...piral auxiliary fibres that act as springs. The backing layer consists of Neopolen P, an expanded polypropylene (EPP) from BASF. The foam increases the playing comfort and minimises sporting injuries. The backing layer withstands repeated mechanical shocks. “With each shock, Neopolen P absorbs the incident energy and emits it again after a time delay, with the foam recovering its original shape”, explains Egon Meier of Neopolen P marketing. There are no residual deformations and fractures, and t...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Polyurethanes (PUR)
...ore important. For example, the selective damping of oscillation frequencies of about 6hertz can significantly reduce nausea in particular driving situations. Such oscillations can now be reduced not only by means of the shock absorber systems but also principally by appropriate design of seat foams. For example, the specifications of the immediate future will place greater emphasis on good vibration and damping properties of foams, which will be adjusted by varying the rebound resilience. Two f...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Polyurethanes Every Step of the Way
... The material must therefore have a low density but retain its mechanical properties. For this purpose, Bayer offers integral foams based on polyether systems based on its "impact technology" developed in-house. This is characterised by high shock resistance. However, it is not only the shoe customers who pose demands. Manufacturers prefer systems that can be produced easily with low effort. The company has therefore developed its "easy release technology", which provides a metho...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Possibilities with Plastics: Sports Applications
...ports shoes can be adapted to individual needs and kind of sport thanks to the use of polymer materials. Dimensionally stable and hydrolysis resistant intermediate soles made of polyurethane such as Bayflex with high impact damping give “active shock absorption”, which preserves the joints and the spinal column. Running soles made of similar polyurethane materials make a weight reduction of over 40% possible compared to conventional sole materials. During the production of the outer sole and sol...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Printing and Finishing Webs
...-cylinder flexoprinting machines with eight ink units are state of the art, as are the high-performance automation system and the single-motor technology. An electronic synchronization control coordinates the drive axles. The unit can be changed shock-free from relational toweb tension operation. Astraflex is an economical universal machine with a broad range of application. Through additional in-line printing units, extra functions, e.g. for lacquering, laminating or hot-melt application, can b...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Process optimisation: Simulating the Injection Moulding of Gas-loaded Thermoplastic Resins
...ning increasing importance as new applications and production processes gain ground. Foaming is employed on the one hand to achieve weight reductions and material savings and, on the other hand, to exploit the specific properties of foams, including shock absorption. Applications include the production of shoe soles and industrial shock absorbers. The foaming or density reduction is generally achieved through the use of either chemical blowing agents, which degrade at the processing temperature ...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Reaching a Critical Size
...echnology in recent years have provided significant improvements in the balance of stiffness, toughness and rheology. This has led to a better property balance, e. g. in the production of thin-wall injection moulded products or in the production of shock absorbers of high-impact thermoplastic olefin elastomers (TPO). The introduction of metallocene technology for polyethylene has significantly improved the material properties of PE-LLD, widening its range of applications. Such technological inno...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Rubber Processing: Smaller Batch Sizes and Automated Processes
...tion to TPE technology for traditional rubber processors. For the first time, a new drive concept for rubber extrusion based on synchronous A.C. motors was employed, eliminating the traditional extruder gearbox completely. A new infrared shock tunnel for curing of silicone rubber tubing and profiles was also exhibited by rubicon (Fig.4). IR emitter temperatures of more than 2000°C permit not only highly effective crosslinking, but also penetration of the infrared radiation into the silicone extr...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Rugged and Impact-resistant
...f TPE. Typical examples are toothbrushes and kitchen implements. Electronic applications also offer considerable potential. With the trend towards portability, TPE is an ideal material for the housings of mobile phone or small computers to make them shock-absorbent and given them a soft-touch finish. GK

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Sealing under Extreme Conditions
...overall layer thickness of only 20 µm. The coating has now proved its suitability for use in the cylinder head gasket in a large number of engine tests on test rigs extending over two and a half years, both with customers (e. g. 900 h thermal shock) and in vehicles. Outlook High-performance thermoplastic PEEK seals and gaskets have a well-balanced range of properties that are opening up further new applications for them in the automotive sector, and thereby supporting designers in their...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Simulation: Using Models to Describe the Joining Process
...rst time a method that presents the advantages of precise, non-contact introduction of heat, high attainable welding temperatures and relatively small heating zones. Using this method, it is finally possible to weld parts flash-free, debris-free and shock-free [1]. The characteristic feature of laser transmission welding is that the parts to be welded must exhibit different absorption properties (Fig. 1). Prior to welding, the parts to be joined are brought into contact under a specified press...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Strategies for Cooling Moulds
...lastic parts systems. For reasons of costs and time, the automotive sector, which is characterised by permanent time pressure, will generally only perform a thermal design study on large moulds for, e.g., I-bars, air ducts and shock absorbers. Moreover, when such software is used in-house, trained employees are needed. “An Extra Cooling Circuit – Just to Be Safe” Frequently, customers only start thinking about thermal simulation after damage has occurred, e.g., extensive part warping, or if t...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Tailor-made Compression Moulding Process: Automatic Compression Moulding Machines for Powder Materials
...e. The greater than 50% weight saving reduces vehicle weight by up to 20 kilograms, the exact reduction depending on the size of the brake. This not only improves fuel economy, but also reduces the unsprung weight, a fact which improves shock-absorber response and ultimately makes for better road-handling. The new system also has a substantially longer mileage life than the cast iron disc, namely some 300000 kilometres. Used in conjunction with a new metal composite brake lining, coefficients of...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Thermoplastic Elastomers (TPE)
...nds based on a polyolefin elastomer are suitable for many different automotive applications (photo: DuPont Dow Elastomers) Fig. 7. Keyboard mats in a TPE-S compound (photo: Kraiburg TPE) Fig. 8. Portable, waterproof computer with shock-absorbing edge protection in TPE-V (photo: AES) Fig. 9. Sliding switch in TPE and polyacetal for a lighter (photo: DuPont) Fig. 10. With the “System RST” rail-fixing system, developed by RST, Barleben/Germany, in close cooperation with Deutsche Bahn AG, interm...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Transparency through Transmission
...seam quality is difficult since inspection pieces for different welding methods can differ greatly. However, investigations of actual components showed that laser-welded joints are able to meet requirements on high bursting pressures and temperature shock stress. Depending upon procedural variant and melted volume the strength of the joint is at least as good as with ultrasonic welding and should rather be positioned between vibration and heated tool welding. Fig. 3 shows a joint made using the ...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Welding Thermoplastic Elastomers
...be vulcanised. Elastomers are usually replaced by TPE when the products have to be manufactured more economically. At present, the largest user of TPE products is the automotive industry. Examples are bellows, air ducts, damping elements, seals and shock absorber parts made of TPE. Today TPE is used generally in mechanical engineering (gear wheels, seals, couple elements, bushings, diaphragms), in the shoe industry (soles, studs) as well as in medical technology (catheter components, heart valve...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, “Nano Molding”: Permanent Bond between Aluminium and Polymer
...g for tests involving the content of other polymers. There are currently several types of polymer which can be recommended. With PBT, no change to the initial bonding strength can be seen in 200 cycles of –40°C to +85°C thermal shock testing of an integrated object. With PPS, changes to the bonding strength did not occur in 1000 cycles of 55°C to +150°C thermal shock testing of an integrated object. The Key to the Technology The aluminum alloy is first immersed in a degreasing agent aqueous sol...

Kunststoffe international, 2006-02-21, Nanocoating: Seat Coverings: Soil-repellent and Comfortable
... encountered with upholstery materials in practical use when a person generates an electrostatic charge on getting up from seat cushions. If that person then touches an earthed object, there is an electrostatic discharge which is felt as an electric shock. Users frequently find this an unpleasant intrusion into their comfort but electrostatic charging must also be reduced for safety reasons. G. Neukamm and I. Poth [2] conducted studies into electrostatic charge generation in cars, which showed t...

Kunststoffe international, 2006-02-24, “Space Puzzle Molding“: Efficient Small Batch Production
... production in small batches: - Chromium frame made of ABS for covering printer and fax machine inside the rear centre console of the VW Phaeton, - PC+ABS protecting cover for the refrigerator control unit inside the VW Phaeton, and - Shock absorber components made of PA66-GF30 for the Far East Mercedes reproduction, the “New Chairman“. The VW Individual GmbH, Wolfsburg, needed 3000 pieces of a filigree plastic part for the installation of a printer and a fax machine into the rear centre console...

Kunststoffe international, 2006-12-06, Metal Replacement: Liquid Crystal Polymer in Springform Baking Pan
...Because of its resistance to a wide range of temperatures, this high-tech material is suitable for fan and convection ovens and – unlike metal pans – for microwaves as well. It also withstands temperature extremes, such as occur in shock freezing. In addition to its outstanding thermal properties, LCP also has impressive mechanical properties, such as high impact resistance, rigidity and strength. As a result of its non-stick effect, Vectra LCP requires no additional coating with PTFE or silico...

Kunststoffe international, 2007-03-15, More Lightweight Construction for the BMW 3 Series Coupé and Convertible Models
...eas for underfloor protection, fillers, water-based paint and clear powder coating. Drying temperatures in these production segments range between 145 and at most 160°C. In final assembly fittings such as wheel housing shells, blinkers, shock absorbers and sills are mounted. Challenges for the Future In the case of the BMW 3 series coupé and convertible models plastic side panels that had been painted online at temperatures of 195°C were successfully put into series production for the first ti...

Kunststoffe international, 2007-03-15, Recovery after Value Added Tax Shock
Recovery after Value Added Tax Shock Auto Market 2007 In Germany high economic growth, a large offering of new models, pent-up demand in private consumption and the high average age of over eight years of the private car population result in a recovering auto market despite the value added tax increase. Passenger car markets are moving "upward" world-wide. Ferdinand Dudenhöffer While in the year 2006 important mini and small cars rolled into the showrooms of the dealers in the form ...

Kunststoffe international, 2007-04-17, Ceramics Dressed as Plastics
...plastic/metal hybrids [1]. However, because of the differences in material properties, the design rules can only be transferred to plastic/ceramic hybrids to a very limited extent. Unlike metals, ceramic materials are very brittle and thermal shock resistant. When overmoulding with hot polymer melt, high tensile stresses, flexing moments and temperature gradients can occur. These disturbances must be minimised by a design measures on the ceramic inserts and the injection mould. The ceramic inser...

Kunststoffe international, 2007-08-14, Tiny Tubes with a Huge Impact
...oledge has also developed a composite based on a special epoxy resin with Baytubes additives for skis (Nano in Res technology). In partnership with the French company Axunn, Chamrousse, it has been used to manufacture skis that are very stable and shock resistant (Fig.2). A further example for the application of CNT is ice hockey sticks where carbon nanotubes give greater stability whilst striking the puck (Fig. 3). In this case the Baytubes that are used are chemically functionalized in a speci...

Kunststoffe international, 2007-10-21, Polyoxymethylene (POM)
...hat POM has been used for drinking water applications for more than 40 years is due to its high fatigue strength, including its ability to withstand water hammer effects, its non-toxicity and also its impact strength and shock resistance. Intelligent water management: While southern countries are complaining of a water shortage, the North has no such problems. Yet, despite the surplus of water, this is nonetheless a resource that is used sparingly. In Germany, for example, per capita water cons...

Kunststoffe international, 2007-11-21, Outer Body Skin with an Integrated Antenna
...ves but also the influence of the conditioning state on the dielectric properties (Fig. 6). To study the influence of aging on the plastics, the specimens were subjected to 600 temperature fluctuation cycles at -40°C/125°C in a thermal shock oven. The results that have been achieved show an increase in the relative permittivity and dissipation factor with an increasing water content. This effect can be proven especially with the PPE that is modified with a hygroscopic PA blend component. The rel...

Kunststoffe international, 2007-12-17, Marriage between Specialists
...ely; the contacts themselves consist of a special PA6 highly filled with copper filaments from A. Schulman GmbH, Kerpen, Germany, with an electrical conductivity similar to that of steel. Krauss Maffei presented a shock-absorbing mount made of a combination of PA66 and a crosslinked TPU-X from Elastogran GmbH, Lemförde, Germany (Fig.11). The TPU is thermoplastic at first and an activator is added during plastication to allow crosslinking. Curing only takes place during cooling, since the exother...

Kunststoffe international, 2008-04-14, Controlling Discharge
...of ionizers meters the charge in an object, and then discharges it in a precise and reliable way. Robert Ruthenberg In everyday life, you typically do not realize electrostatic charging, unless it discharges. For instance, you get a wee electric shock when touching the doorknob. Electrostatic charging may however be a real nuisance in the production of plastics and plastic semi-finished products for the packaging industry. It can make plastic products “stick” on each other or on other materi...

Kunststoffe international, 2008-04-14, The Correct Material Choice
...ility of materials for a particular design. Engineering thermoplastics, such as PC, PC blends, polyphenylene oxide (PPO) blends and special composites, e.g. from Sabic Innovative Plastics, Bergen op Zoom, Netherlands, can show good resistance to shock, flames and chemicals. Polycarbonates and their mixtures are known for their shock resistance and robustness. They also have excellent mechanical and electrical properties and resistance to low and high temperatures, which is of great importance fo...

Kunststoffe international, 2008-08-14, Estimating Thermal Stresses Using Single-Point Data
...g both heating and cooling the thermal stresses setting in increase in magnitude as the rate of temperature change per time unit rises. Probably the most extreme conditions occur when there is very rapid temperature change, chiefly in the event of shock-like contact heating by means of a medium allowing rapid heat transfer, such as water for instance. Of greatest interest in practice are the maximum thermal stresses; thus the envisioned solution is directed at the maxima of the curves of thermal...

Kunststoffe international, 2008-08-14, Strapping Tape Production under Control
...the world as a replacement for steel strapping. For securing loads such as paper and cotton, or wood and building materials such as stones and bricks, PET strapping tapes have major advantages. Unlike steel strapping, PET strapping tapes have a high shock reserve for sudden loads and are at the same time sufficiently elastic to hold shrinkable loads securely. They are easy to secure, lighter than steel strapping tapes and are immune to weather, since they do not rust and upon opening they presen...

Kunststoffe international, 2009-06-16, Ever More Electricity and Plastic
...ial properties. Hydrolytic stability and laser weldability of plastics are examples of these properties. On top of this there is the demand for materials that are resistant to calcium chloride and biofuels and can withstand a large number of thermal shock cycles. The most commonly found classes of material are therefore polyamide (PA) and polybutylene terephthalate (PBT). In this article we will show which new products and applications from its Ultramid (PA) and Ultradur (PBT) product ranges BAS...

Kunststoffe international, 2009-11-19, Every Kilo Counts
... completely different direction was taken in a concept study from the gearbox and chassis specialists ZF Friedrichshafen AG: By using fiber composite materials and extensive integration of functions the company wants to develop a shock absorber that allows a halving of the total weight in comparison to current aluminum lightweight shock absorbers. A substitution of metallic materials up until now used in other suspension components with polymers is also being considered. The study by ZF Sachs, t...

Kunststoffe international, 2009-11-19, Hot-Embossed MID Modules for Enhanced Thermal Requirements
...s were studied: conventional 2-D substrates (substrate thickness: 1 mm and 2 mm) and two three-dimensional geometries (ribbed body and plug housing) (Fig. 4). The assembled modules were subjected to an extensive test program, which included thermal shock testing (1,000 cycles each: -40°C/125°C and -40°C/150°C), heat/humidity conditioning (500 h at 85°C/85 % rel. humidity), high temperature conditioning (500 h at 125°C) and vibration testing. Figure 5 shows typical results for thermal shock (-40°...

Kunststoffe international, 2010-01-27, Active Packaging Functions
...meals are sterilized in plastic packaging (with ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) as the barrier layer), sterilization (typically for a few minutes at 121°C) temporarily weakens the oxygen barrier. This behavior, known as retort shock, has an unfavorable effect on product shelf life. The solution may lie in integrating oxygen scavengers in the packaging material to protect the packaged food against oxygen (Fig. 2). The packaging for frozen meals with long shelf lives requires a high oxygen...

Kunststoffe international, 2010-04-20, On the Threshold of Industrial Application
...y. The most delicate part of a THz spectrometer is the propagation path of the femtosecond laser pulses, with which the photoconducting antennas are operated, and thereby the THz waves generated and detected. The spectrometer is mounted on a shock-absorbing, transportable optical bench. The laser system is hermetically encapsulated to allow it to operate in a harsh environment. The core element is the THz antenna, which is fiber coupled by an innovative adhesive technology. After outcoupling of ...

Kunststoffe international, 2010-07-22, Three-Dimensional Coating of Containers
...ttles, bags or tubes to screw caps through to convenience packs and special parts (ports) for enteral feeding, to name a few. The use of 3-D coatings for ports is particularly advantageous because these parts will not suffer from “retort shock” when used in sterilizable packaging. Consequently, there is no subsequent in barrier performance, such as occurs with EVOH-based solutions. The coating adapts to the products, which can be transparent or dyed in any color. Charting New Territory The Neuha...

Kunststoffe international, 2010-09-24, As Far as My Soles Will Carry Me
...ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) have become established as the preferred materials for midsoles. Both types are featured by outstanding material properties such as low density combined with high durability and flexibility. In order to examine the shock absorbing properties of midsole materials, a study was conducted: A total of nine midsole materials (nine made of PU, two made of EVA) with different hardnesses (37 to 61 Asker C) and densities (0.20 to 0.36 g/cm3) were tested mechanically. For this,...

Kunststoffe international, 2010-09-24, Two Centuries of Polyolefins
... off by the Yom Kippur War in the Middle East, placing a question mark over the until then cheap raw material once and for all [14]. 1975 to 1990: Triumph of Efficiency But after the initial shock, the success continued, not least because the still young materials proved to be superior to the traditional competitors such as metal, paper and glass as far as energy and raw material efficiency were concerned. A typical example of this is the success of polypropylene in automotive engineering. In 19...

Kunststoffe international, 2010-11-25, Of Fibers, Foam and Nano (?)
... quickly as it came from 1975 onwards. The accustomed growth returned until the second oil shock in 1979/80 put paid to this expansion once again. In Figure 10 the collapses of the time are little more than tiny kinks that can hardly be seen at all. Real (natural) catastrophes did, however, occur for example in Turkey: In 1970, 1971 and 1979 there were powerful earthquakes. What does this have to do with PU? Emergency shelters made of rigid PU foam were manufactured on site and immediately used ...

Kunststoffe international, 2011-09-23, Semi-Finished Goods and Finished Products
...s of the servo-driven thermoformer also have a beneficial effect on productivity, since the thermoforming tool and stretching aids, for example, can be moved at a defined speed. When working with positive tools, this reduces shock marks, facilitates targeted pre-stretching of regions that undergo significant deformation through use of an adjustable speed profile for the table movement and highly reproducible thermoforming accuracy. This correction is provided by compensation control. To this end...

Kunststoffe international, 2011-10-17, Bioplastics
..., will supply bioacrylic acid beginning the middle of next year, for medical applications at first. Plastics specially developed from it exhibit extreme resistance to shock. Biotech companies, such as Rennovia ofMenlo Park, USA, have reported great progress in the chemocatalytic manufacture of bio-based adipic acid, a base product of polyamide 6 and 66. Vinyl acetate for producing EVA is another goal at the development departments of chemical companies. Computer manufacturer Fujitsu is now utili...

Kunststoffe international, 2011-10-17, Liquid Crystal Polymers (LCP)
...ured from thermoformed, heat-resistant LCP. Vectra T.rex 541 withstands service temperatures from -196°C to 280°C, a temperature range that is not uncommon in the food processing industry. The material withstands freezing, shock freezing, and even microwaving without being damaged. The food-safe plastic can be provided in numerous colors and forms, and offers many benefits over classic metal. The plastic alternative is not only lighter, but also generates less noise and is also easy to clean. In...

Kunststoffe international, 2011-10-17, Rigid Polystyrene Foam (EPS, XPS)
... by BASF SE of Ludwigshafen, Germany, with the Passivhaus Institute of Darmstadt, Germany, has shown, for example, that up to about 60 % of the energy required for sensitive cooling can be saved in Mumbai or Singapore [1]. Whether as packaging for shock-sensitive goods, as thermal insulated packaging for food or medicine, EPS is the material of preference. Beyond this, and due to its specific property profile (Table 1), rigid styrene foam is used in various special applications, e.g., bowls for ...

Kunststoffe international, 2012-04-20, EVA Sheet – A High-End Product
... solar panels are installed in Europe, most are produced in China. That country is home to the three largest producers of photovoltaic modules. A solar module (Fig. 1) consists mostly of a front glass plate, which must resist heat changes, impact, shock and compression, a further glass plate or plastic plate acting as rear cover, and the silicon cells encapsulated between two EVA sheets. These sheets provide watertight, corrosion protection. They must also be electrically isolating, and mechanic...

Kunststoffe international, 2012-06-25, To Bond or Not to Bond
...cent. To which must be added the unreported cases of total loss arising from domestic misadventures on the part of the wearer: the stresses and micro-cracks resulting from the mechanical stress of drilling are released by shock loads, e.g. lenses may crack or even break when they hit hard ground. The Only Method that Does Not Damage the Lenses This flaw, which the wearer cannot see, is easy to render visible. Anger takes a couple of older eyewear models from a box and places them one by one unde...

Kunststoffe international, 2012-07-23, Multifunctional Hybrid Foams
...ar primarily from processing expanded polystyrene (EPS) and expanded polypropylene (EPP). Products made from these monomaterial foams are predominantly used in thermal insulation (e.g. building insulation and insulated packaging) and in mechanical shock absorption (e.g. motorbike crash helmets, bumpers, packaging technology). Such applications exploit the special advantages of these materials, such as low weight, good 3-D formability, high specific mechanical properties, good thermal insulation,...

Kunststoffe international, 2012-10-15, Caught Between Efficiency and Functionality
...ickness is constant across the entire width. The Triple Bubble method of Kuhne Anlagenbau GmbH, Sankt Augustin, Germany, is capable of inline biaxial film stretching. After extrusion, the film composed of up to 11 layers is shock cooled with water in the first bubble. The bubble is then reheated and biaxially stretched in the second bubble. Thermal annealing occurs with the third bubble, and stabilizes the film’s shrink properties. Typical applications are high-barrier films, whose good barrier ...

Kunststoffe international, 2013-05-16, Hidden in Plain View
...olded with a high Shore A hardness TPU. The bumper strips on vacuum cleaners are however subjected to even higher demands since they must not only protect the casing but also doors and cabinets when the cleaner is used robustly in the home. Good shock absorption and abrasion resistance are required here. Figure 4 shows a sprue from an Elastollan polyester TPU (Shore 80 A) that is applied by two component injection molding to an ABS casing. Alongside good adhesion to styrene copolymers, which is ...

Kunststoffe international, 2013-08-19, Lightweight with Long Fibers
...er-reinforced polyamides do not embrittle at very high deformation rates and can survive hard blows by the helmet or by other objects to the part’s structural frame. A long-carbonfiber-reinforced product can absorb more than five times as much shock energy as a conventional product (Fig. 5). Peak forces are significantly higher. Thanks to these enhanced mechanical properties, Alpinestars managed to make the new component 38 % lighter than the previous version. It achieved significant cost reduct...

Kunststoffe international, 2014-02-20, Particle Foams: Future Materials for Lightweight Construction and Design
...for 60 years, whereby today’s global demand of some 5 million tons was certainly not foreseeable at that time [1]. In the 1970s and 1980s, EPS was succeeded by polymer foam beads based on polyolefin, which – due to their good shock absorbing properties, viscoelastic deformation behavior, and their great flexibility in a wide temperature range – found countless applications in the packaging and automotive industries, e.g. to protect sensitive, high-quality goods, or for absorbing energy in a cras...

Kunststoffe international, 2014-02-20, The Insert Technology: Precise Prediction of the Deformation of Inserts
...n front of the injection molding machine in such a way that the insert molding process could be recorded using a deflecting mirror and an opening in the moving mold half. The analysis was then evaluated with suitable programs. A high-strength, heat shock-resistant glass-ceramic sight glass was inserted into the mold opening (manufacturer: Ohara GmbH, Hofheim, Germany). The molding trials were carried out on an existing sight mold, which was adjusted according to the experimental setup. Two chara...

Kunststoffe international, 2014-04-14, Hybrid Materials: Lighter Thanks to Tailored Composites
... fibers, yields a hybrid composite that combines several favorable properties in one component. It thus affords a way of greatly enhancing the notched-impact strength [6]. The high impact strength stems from poor fiber-matrix bonding, because sudden shock in the material leads to fiber pull-out. Figure 1 shows a scanning electron micrograph at 1,000x magnification in which PET fiber pull-out can be clearly seen. This effect can be explained by the fact that, during the sudden shock, the elastic ...

Kunststoffe international, 2014-12-18, Foam Injection Molding 2.0
...on here, too, is: dynamic conformal temperature control on the face side. If precision opening is used at the same time, high-quality soft-foam cushioning can be achieved inexpensively, e. g. for armrests in automotive engineering or as shock absorbers for hand-held terminals, that must not be damaged at all if dropped.Foamed and Non-Foamed Sections in One PartThe fact that sophisticated mold technology is the key for the increasing success of foam injection molding has already been mentioned in...

Kunststoffe international, 2014-12-18, Threaded Fittings for Foam Beads
...were made in a separate automatic molding machine and then transferred to the injection molder.The idea behind the project, which the three companies devised and developed themselves and not at the behest of a customer, is that the low-density, high shock absorption and high thermal insulation properties of particle foam would make it ideal for a large number of technical applications if a way could be found to permanently incorporate a fixing into the material or even to extend its functionalit...

Kunststoffe international, 2015-02-28, Icy Foaming
...mperature°C127Parameter (variable)UnitValueDry ice contentwt. %10; 15; 20; 25; 30; 40Mass throughputkg/h14; 19; 23The main motivations for foaming plastics are material savings and improvements to specific product properties. Foamed products are shock-absorbing, vibration-resistant, thermally insulating and flexible [1]. In foam extrusion, a blowing agent is added to the plastic that causes the foaming of the melt at the extrusion die [2]. In case of chemical foaming, blowing agents are added in...

Kunststoffe international, 2015-08-17, Controlled Dynamics for Thin-Wall Injection Molding
...ively slow screw movements can be controlled very accurately.Less Wear of Mold and Hot Runner SystemWith hydraulic drives there is also a risk that during phase transitions, e. g. when switching from injection to dwell pressure, so-called hydraulic shocks can occur. In contrast, two-valve technology has the advantage that phase transitions are performed practically shock-free. Apart from the process-related advantages, this also reduces wear of the mold and the hot runner system.The dynamic and ...

Kunststoffe international, 2015-10-12, High Tech in Thin Layers
...lms with high transparency and puncture resistance can be achieved with water cooling. Compared to air cooling, which is used in conventional blown film lines, water cooling has an approximately 50 % higher cooling rate. That is ensured by shock cooling of the heated film bubble, creating an amorphous polymer structure with high transparency and special mechanical properties of the end product. The Cool Bubble lines from Kuhne GmbH, Sankt Augustin, Germany, are equipped with a closed vacuum cham...

Kunststoffe international, 2016-03-08, Silicone in Automotive Headlights
...alyzed in long-term tests. Because silicones have a comparatively high permeability to water (between 10–100 g/mm² per day), it has to be tested in a continuous operation if signs of corrosion are detected [4].Currently thermal shock tests between -40 °C and 125 °C for 1,000 h and a continuous operation test of the LED at permitted maximum current for 4,000 h are performed. The results of these tests are crucial considering an industrial implementation after the current state of research is poss...

Kunststoffe international, 2016-11-30, Icecold to Higher Quality and Productivity
...ween talc and gypsum). Therefore, supersonic particle speed is needed for cleaning. Other factors, such as nozzle type, size and amount of dry ice particles, and compressed air volume can also influence the cleaning effect.The thermal effect (cold shock due to the low temperature of the dry ice, approximately -78,5 °C) freezes the layer of dirt immediately after impingement. The resulting brittleness and cracking on the dirt layer decrease the bond strength with the tool substrate. Different the...

Kunststoffe international, 2017-03-27, Cutting the Gordian Knot
...nt Air Wrapped in a Plastic Cellular StructureThe cell structure of the material, 98 % of which is trapped air, is also responsible for the outstanding properties, such as low thermal conductivity and high energy absorption. The insulating and shock-absorbing properties are reflected in their standard applications: particle foams serve as thermal building insulation, as transport packaging for electrical appliances and foodstuffs, and are incorporated into sports helmets and other protective hel...

Kunststoffe international, 2017-09-20, Dry Ice Shower for Complex Components
...gh blast hose, applicator and nozzle where they are crushed to 1 to 1.5 mm MicroParticles and are accelerated with compressed air to a supersonic speed. The MicroParticles with a temperature of -79 °C hit the surfaces and a combination of thermal shock and thermokinetic effects is achieved. This causes the pellets to sublimate under ambient conditions from solid directly to the gaseous phase. They expand within a few milliseconds to a volume of up to 700 times. At the impact point, this creates ...

Kunststoffe international, 2017-10-13, How Many Layers Are Enough?
...ene octene copolymer manufactured with Elite AT technology). TestsAn FPT-750 film testing system from ESTL of Deerlijk, Belgium, was used to test the films (Fig. 5). Measurement of the maximum possible prestretch elongation, as well as puncture and shock resistance was performed at various levels of prestrechting and at various test speeds. A common wrapping speed of 4000 mm/s was chosen. The practical test was performed using a test pallet on a turntable wrapper from Highlight Industries Inc. o...

Kunststoffe international, 2018-03-09, Synergies from the Far East
...xpanded polypropylene (EPP) and can be processed with the same equipment, but has higher dimensional stability and excellent flame retardance. The material is suitable for application fields such as automotive battery packs, lightweight shock absorbers as well as thermal insulation. Both heating and cooling units must be installed on the battery pack, since in both battery-electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles, the lithium-ion batteries only unfold their full efficiency at room temperature. Good ...

Kunststoffe international, 2020-02-12, Beyond the Limits of the Comparative Tracking Index
...rred at 675 V, the value is still well above the necessary 600 V for reaching the highest PLC rating. Considering its higher ductility, an excellent resistance against heat shock cracking can be foreseen, which makes such an unreinforced grade a perfect candidate for over molding of metal parts. The test set-up in use allows mea‧surements up to 750 V, only. The real limits of the other threes grades cannot be determined. However, these experiments show that the material offers protection against...

eMagazine "Journal of Plastics Technology", 2010-09-01, Durability aspects of additive manufactured parts for advanced requirements
... for end user products is the restricted knowledge about the durability of the manufactured parts. This work provides detailed data on the long term behaviour of mechanical properties of stereolithography specimens after accelerated aging by thermal shock cycling according to automotive standards. One stereolithography resin is found, which shows high durability under repeated extreme thermal load.