Pulse - PC+ABS - Trinseo

Kunststoffe international, Avoiding Shutdowns
Hammann markets its own developed pulsed flushing process under the name Comprex. The flushing technology is a purely physical process, which does not use any chemicals – just air and water. Its fields of application have been increasingly extended over time. The example of a preform manufacturer shows how well the ‧process works in a practical application in plastics processing. The patented Comprex process stands for intensive mechanical cleaning of water-carrying systems. It works by the puls...

Kunststoffe international, Polypropylene Beats Aluminum
...t arising as a consequence of an external stimulus such as a stone strike are characterized by measuring the acoustic impedance. Here, the pulse height, i. e. the sound volume, and the decay behavior of the pulse over time are measured. Even in this regard, a battery tray made from ElroSafe has considerable advantages over its aluminum counterpart. The sound pulse is lower and decays faster. This is particularly important with high-end vehicles. The tests during the development process clearly s...

Kunststoffe international, Present in a Multitude of Trends
...ly more filigree components subject to mechanical stress. Good Signal Transmission Wearables are increasingly being used to monitor vital functions such as pulse, blood pressure and sugar directly on the body. PC and its blends are ideally suited as raw materials for housings of these devices. However, the requirements are manifold, complex and vary greatly depending on the device. Characteristics that are in demand are features such as rigidity, materials that protect the interior of the devic...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Bonding PEEK
...th an XeCl excimer laser at a wavelength of 308 nm (grade: XP 2020, manufacturer: Siemens AG). The laser generates an exposure spot measuring approx. 400 mm2. During treatment, the energy density was varied from 0.5 to 4.3 mJ/mm2 and the number of pulses, between one and ten. The pulse frequency was a constant 1 Hz. All laser settings, except for the series of lowest irradiation intensity (0.5 mJ/mm2 and 1 pulse), caused marked visible ablation of the specimens' surface. Unless otherwise not...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Continuous Monitoring of Quality Parameters
...omponents are designed to withstand the process conditions characteristic of polymer processing such as high temperature, high pressure or high abrasion. The ultrasonic transducers are positioned behind the end of the extruder screw and operated in pulse-transmission mode (opposing ultrasonic transducers) (see Fig. 1). This measurement set-up gives - direct integration of the ultrasonic sensors into the melt flow, - ensurance of an even, well-defined melt throughput and - measurement of the mel...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Controlling Movements
... fitted with non-contacting linear transducers as standard since mid-1998. Operating principle of a magnetostrictive linear transducer Magnetostriction describes the mechanical change in a material under the influence of a magnetic field. In Micropulse linear transducers, the position to be measured is marked by a permanent magnet. The magnetostrictive sensor element, the waveguide, is enclosed in a sealed aluminum housing (Fig. 3). Inside the waveguide, which is a small tube made of magnetostr...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Exhibition Preview: North American and Canadian Products at K 2004
... which cleans screws, barrels, and nonreturn valves without disassembling the injection unit. This is accomplished with a new, patented valve design and a cleaning compound. Hot-runner Technology Fast Heat, Elmhurst/Illinois, will expand its Pulse Series temperature controller from 24 to 180 zones. A new 10-in. color display module enables operators to manage all 180 zones from one screen interface. Fast Heat will also show its Mold IQ technology, which stores processing information in a small ...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Experimental Testing: Ring-shaped Reinforcements Made of Fibre-reinforced Composites
...sed as follows: - Cooling by means of a blower commenced after the start of the test. The temperatures increased at first, but then stabilised at about +40°C. - After the initial stabilisation period for the hydraulic pulse system, the dynamic stiffness values remained relatively constant until abrupt fatigue failure of the fibres occurred. - Fatigue failure of the fibres occurred in the form of ring segments, i.e., even in the pulsating load situation, the test specimens did not fail over its e...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Functional Compounds
... ferrimagnetic magnetite, are used as a core material for coils and transformers for power electronics (line transformers, accumulator chokes, ballasts and combinational circuit components) as well as for interference suppression in filter coils and pulse transformers. Figure 4 shows a number of magnetic characteristic values of polypropylene filled with magnetite. The structure-dependent magnetic characteristic value of coercive field strength and the polarisation or remanence values that are a...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, High-efficiency Polymeric Foam: Improving Occupant Safety
...y EA solutions could make it possible to use a single, standard headliner version worldwide, obtaining significant cost savings, consistent brand styling and increased occupant comfort for North American (NA) consumers as well. In a typical velocity pulse impact (e.g. frontal and side impact vehicle crashes according to FMVSS208-214, ECE R94-95, EuroNCAP, NCAP and IIHS), the dummy is accelerated against the vehicle interior at increasing velocity until contact occurs. A recently published articl...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Increased Performance: Micromaster Powers up Extruders
...al solution for plastic and rubber extrusion lines. The compact asynchronous motor drives the extruder via a gear (Fig.2). For precise speed control, an incremental encoder is integrated in the motor to feed back the current motor speed. Through the pulse encoder evaluation module on the Micromaster 440, the control circuit is closed. The high-grade vector control in the frequency inverter ensures precise, highly accurate speed control even when sudden load changes occur, and thus offers an impo...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Injection Moulding Machine Control Technology
... comparator makes a voltage comparison, allowing a direct setpoint/actual comparison. The comparator, independently of the microprocessor, continually compares the analogue actual value with the setpoint value of a parameter, and outputs a switching pulse if the two values agree (Fig. 1). The advantages of the comparator lie in its high reaction rate and the good time constancy without scattering. For example, small injection moulded parts can be produced with extreme reproducibility. In future ...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Innovations in Injection Moulding Technology
...amp force, a new hall wing had to be built. Until now, Ferromatik Milacron only built machines with clamping forces up to 7750 kN. At the house trade fair, auto wings with weights of 1125 g were produced from PC/PBT on the Maxima 1600. The installed pulse cooling reduces the cycle time to only 50 s. Werner Kotzab, managing director of Wieder GmbH, Schweinfurt/Germany, explained the advantages of this cooling system. Unlike conventional mould cooling, with cyclic pulsed cooling the cooling perfor...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, IP Support: Lightweight Automotive Instrument Panel Carriers
...measure of energy absorption Spannung = Stress; Dehnung = Strain; Streckgrenze > 2, 5% zäher Bereich = Yield point > 2.5% tough range; Keine Streckgrenze, spröder Bruch = No yield point, brittle fracture Table1. The new PC+ABS blend (Pulse 630GF) has virtually the same strength properties as SMA but higher toughness Table2. The new product (Pulse 630GF) has far better flowability than a conventional PC+ABS blend (grade: Pulse 979) Table3. Weld strengths of different material combinations wit...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Joining, Texturing, Modifying: Selecting the Right Laser
Special Selecting the Right Laser Joining, Texturing, Modifying. While the use of laser technology was often limited to expensive products in the past, inexpensive diode lasers and more compact Nd:YAG lasers are finding an ever-wider field of application in the plastics industry. For every specific application, the question always arises as to what is the right laser beam. Arnold Gillner Applications within the field of plastics range from products for packaging, electronics, household appli...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Laser Marking of Plastic Products
... Marking In the mask process (Fig. 2), the laser beam illuminates a mask that contains the entire information to be transferred. The mask is imaged by a lens onto the product to be marked. The entire mask information is applied with a single laser pulse. The laser beam acts like a stamp that introduces the mark onto the product by means of light. The maximum marking rate is only limited by the maximum applicable pulse frequency of the laser. 25 markings per second (90 000 per hour) are the stan...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Laser Technology: A Flexible Tool for Structuring, Marking and Joining
...beam is formed on the workpiece, or a mask that only transmits the beam in the areas to be welded is placed close to the joint parts. This mask is either swept sequentially by the beam or completely exposed by means of a single radiation pulse. Fig.4. shows an example of mask welding that is primarily used for parts for microfluidics. Microfluidic channels are covered with minimum joint geometries of 100µm without the use of adhesives. The scanning of a laser beam over a two-dimensional joint-se...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Marking Plastic Products
...emoval, engraving and colour change scribing. Depending on the application, YAG, CO2 and excimer lasers with their different wavelengths and energy are used. These lasers operate with scanning or mask projection systems. In the scanning system, the pulsed (dot-matrix laser) or continuous-wave (vector laser) laser beam is directed by optical components onto the product being marked. In this way, both fixed and moving parts can be marked. The laser beam movement and complete marking information a...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Measurement by Ultrasound: Temperature Fluctuations in the Processing Unit
...at are fitted with ultrasonic transducers and combined temperature/pressure sensors which are arranged along the plasticising and homogenisation zone of a twin-screw extruder (grade: ZSK 30, manufacturer: Werner und Pfleiderer). For the ultrasonic pulse transmission method employed, the acoustic path runs between the two screws. The conveying and mixing elements are thus replaced by a spacer sleeve in the region of the instrumental housing parts. The ultrasonic velocity is calculated as c=s/t. T...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Melt Filtration: High-quality Materials from PET Recycling
Recycling High-quality Materials from PET Recycling Melt Filtration. Reprocessing PET bottle flakes into new products places highly stringent requirements on both the material and process engineering. A large number of problems can be solved through the consistent use of melt filters. Ulrich Thiele Stephan Gneuß The extremely rapid growth in the consumption of PET bottles, coupled with improvements in the collection system and changes in European legislation are opening up new possibilities an...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Opportunity and Challenge
...ment. This means that circuit patterns on prototypes can be generated quickly and easily at the development stage. Typically, Nd:YAG lasers, and more recently Nd:YVO4 lasers are employed for direct laser structuring, because of their more uniform pulse-to-pulse performance at higher pulse frequencies. The suitability of other laser types such as excimer and CO2 lasers is also investigated, where for structuring with the excimer laser a mask with the circuit layout is required and with the CO2 la...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Piezoelectric Effect and Electrostriction: Porous Plastics as Sensor Materials
...ation of an appropriate material in the floor covering. Monitoring of the situation of patients in intensive care units or of care patients at home through incorporation of sensor foils in mattresses is a further conceivable application area. Pulse and breath monitoring also belong to the medical field. Finally, precipitation and wind sensor technology are possible in meteorology. Flexible plastics with large electrostriction (giant electrostriction) are suitable for artificial muscles and thus ...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Printing Plastic Surfaces Precisely and Economically
... and optimum availability are ensured by the patented flush function in the print head. The nozzles are automatically cleaned and then dried again on start up. Ink concentration and temperature are continuously automatically regulated. An anti-pulse system prevents vibrations in the ink circuit. For simple marking with a maximum of two lines, the S8 Classic is recommended. For perfect marking of dark surfaces, Imaje has developed the Model S8 Contrast for processing highly pigmented inks. The au...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Process Simulation: Thermal Conductivity of the Polymer Melt as Basis
...d, semi-crystalline polypropylene exemplify the thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity of different polymer materials. The Flash Method: Fast, Non-destructive and Non-contact If the front of a plane-parallel sample is heated by a short light pulse the resulting temperature rise on the rear surface can be measured as function of the time and from this the thermal diffusivity of the material on the sample back can be determined [2, 3]. Knowing the specific heat and the density of the materi...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Process Technology: Polyurethane Processing Systems
...zle) into the hollow piston [6]. At the lower end of the hollow piston, the reaction mixture created by high-pressure mixing surrounds the stream of moving chopped glass. Numerous downward-pointing air nozzles (through which compressed air pulses) placed around the discharge opening spread the exiting reaction mixture stream as required in order to achieve broader deposition of the glass fibres. Immediately upon exiting the cleaning plunger, the reaction mixture wets out the glass filaments, a p...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Production Monitoring: Particle Monitoring on the Extruder
...ig. 5). These peaks are classified with the aid of a special trigger action, i.e. they are counted as a function of their size per time unit. The user can freely select the number and distribution of the size classes. The correlation between the pulse height and the particle size requires calibration with the appropriate mono-disperse model particles. The lower detection limit for the particle size depends on the optical properties of both the matrix and the actual particles. This limit has to b...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Protective Control of Hot-Runner Systems
...g. This housing shields against disturbing emissions during switching. The power cables to the injection mould are also completely shielded, so that the controllers conform to CE guidelines. Fig.: Current profile with phase control (top) and with pulse run control (bottom), Vp = peak voltage, Veff = effective voltage. Spannungsverlauf bei Phasenanschnitt und ca. 15 % Leistung = Voltage profile with phase control and ca. 15 % power. Spannungsverlauf bei Pulsgruppensteuerung und ca. 25 % Leistung...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Pulsed Cooling Versus Continuous Cooling: Search for Sense
Pulsed Cooling Versus Continuous Cooling: Search for Sense The ongoing debate about the value of pulsed cooling in the injection moulding process has prompted BASF AG to carry out trials to compare a pulsed cooling unit with a continuous cooling unit. In addition, the temperature control response of a pulsed cooling unit was monitored and evaluated after changes in the injection moulding process. Christian Bonten For some time now, so-called pulsed cooling units have been supplied for inje...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Quality Assurance: New Scope for Process Control in Ultrasonic Weldin
...ces in the software. As a result, a digital power supply combined with new software offers users a large number of parameters that can be used for process monitoring. According to [3], these include: - Frequency - Current - Phase - Pulse width modulation (PWM). With these new measuring parameters, it is also possible to make direct conclusions about the resonance behaviour of the coupled system. Moreover, the change in these parameters contains information about the melting behaviour and thus t...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Quality Assurance: Residence-time Measurements and Detection of Melt Heterogeneities
...ections (Fig.1), which are fitted with ultrasonic transducers and temperature/pressure sensors. The barrel sections are located in the plasticating and homogenizing zones of a twin-screw extruder (grade: ZSK 30, manufacturer: Werner und Pfleiderer). Pulse through-transmission requires that the ultrasonic signal pass between the two screws. The conveying and mixing elements in the vicinity of the backing plate were therefore replaced by a spacer sleeve. The transmitter transducer is activated by...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Screws: Plastication in Rapid Time
...g materials permits much greater ratios between flow path and wall thickness, and therefore an additional reduction in cycle time. Fast crystallising materials further reduce the residual cooling time and cycle time. Innovative technologies such as pulse cooling, accurately contoured cooling systems or cooling with liquid CO2 reduce the cooling time while simultaneously improving part quality. New design methods and tools, such as simulation of mould filling, cooling and shrinking conditions, ai...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Shortened Product Cycles: The Changing Face of Extrusion Technology
... film and cable sheathing. Extruders are additionally used for mixing, blending, degassing, compacting and granulating thermoplastic moulding compounds. The dimensioning and process-engineering layout are required to fulfil the following criteria: - pulse-free melt throughput, tailored to the requirements, - high specific throughput rates, - smallest possible change to the material through degradation or cross-linking, - optimum melt temperature, - high flexibility through the highest possible p...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Shorter Cycle Times with Pulsed Cooling?
Shorter Cycle Times with Pulsed Cooling? FEA Simulations Fail to Reveal any Significant Difference from Continuous Cooling Andreas Kessler and Hans-Joachim Pitz, Ludwigshafen/Germany The word is out that cycle times are shorter; but the controversy about the effectiveness of pulsed cooling has raged for some time. This article uses on computer simulation (FEA) in the mould to examine the actual processes, and compares pulsed cooling with continuous cooling. Many injection moulders are as...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Simulation: What Can Pulsed Cooling Do for Injection Moulds?
Simulation: What Can Pulsed Cooling Do for Injection Moulds? Pulsed cooling offers both an elegant and an energetically favourable means of cooling an injection mould that has a uniform initial temperature. It is shown with the help of an FE simulation that the use of pulsed cooling markedly improves the uniformity of the temperature distribution on the mould surface and the insensitivity to disruptions in the injection moulding cycle. Heiko Schirrmacher Heat is transferred to injection mo...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Strong Upturn: Polycarbonate (PC)
...r compounding Makrolon, Makroblend (PC+PET and PC+PBT) and Bayblend (PC + ABS). The company also has production sites in Europe and in the Nafta region. Other global manufacturers of (PC+ABS) blends are GE Advanced Materials (Cycoloy) and Dow (Pulse and Emerge). The Asia-Pacific region also features such major producers as Teijin (Multilon), Mitsubishi (lupilon), Cheil (Staroy), LG (Lupoy) and Chi Mei (Wonderloy). Process Advances and Service Some 90% of PC is produced by the phase transfer proc...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Styrene Copolymers (ABS, ASA, SAN)
... of the styrene copolymer business from DSM, the brand name Ronfalin will continue. In ABS blends, seven different products from four manufacturers are significant on the market (Table 2). Blends with PC include Terblend S (BASF), Bayblend (Bayer), Pulse (Dow) and Cycoloy and Geloy (GE Plastics). (PA+ABS) blends are marketed by BASF as Terblend N and by Bayer as Triax. Market Segments Thanks to their versatile applications and processing properties, styrene copolymers have been able to compete...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Ultrasonic Measurement Technology: Online Process Control
..., Fritzmeier Composite GmbH, Bruckmühl/Hinrichssegen, Germany, Bakelite AG, Duisburg-Meiderich/Germany, and the Institute of Plastics Processing, Aachen/Germany. Fig.1 shows a diagram of the measurement signal generation. The ultrasonic pulse transmitted through the material and detected by the receiver conveys two different items of information. From the run-time, it is possible to compute the velocity of the ultrasound and the relative amplitude gives a measure of the attenuation of the lamina...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Ultrasonic Production Control
... & Co. oHG, Hürth/Germany). The system operates by ultrasonic transmission (Fig. 1). Although two sensors are required, reflections do not interfere with the received signal. Specially developed software is used to automatically evaluate the test pulse and choose the test window. As in conventional ultrasonic technology, a short electrical pulse from the generator of the ultrasonic unit excites the first ultrasonic sensor to emit an acoustic pulse. This pulse penetrates the moulding compound and...

Kunststoffe international, 2006-01-15, Mouldmaking Technology at Fakuma und EuroMold: Engineering Lights Comes Out from Under the Bushel
...t would normally highlight weld lines (Fig. 14): “The pulse-push process introduces movement into the weld line, since the rotor valve operates quickly – in extreme cases, at 30 revolutions per second – as the melt flows from the two gates, so that the weld line blurs and disappears.“ The specialist for elastomer processing and elastomer moulds Weigelt & Söhne GmbH & Co., Bietigheim-Bissingen, in cooperation with Günther Heisskanaltechnik GmbH, Frankenberg, exhibited new mould developments for L...

Kunststoffe international, 2006-01-15, Obligation to Label Products: How to Label Plastics? With Lasers, of Course!
...ire circumference (see Fig. 2). Switches and controls are marked in day and night design by removing coats of lacquer while avoiding damage to the base lacquer or the (semi)transparent base material (Title picture). To do this, a laser with high pulse-to-pulse stability is required. Laser beam quality and its ability to be focussed are very important parameters, because the lasered icons must have sharp edges. Another typical application of lasers is their use in marking scales of any type and s...

Kunststoffe international, 2006-01-15, State-of-the-Art and Perspectives: Laser Beam Processing of Polymers
...aterial and be selected so that the absorption coefficient is as high as possible for the wavelength employed. - to create a high temperature gradient, the energy must not be conducted to deeper-lying regions of the material. To achieve this, the pulse duration of the laser beam employed should be as short as possible, since the depth of thermal penetration depends directly on the interaction time between the laser beam and the material. Depending on the application, two different types of lase...

Kunststoffe international, 2006-01-26, Structuring and Ablating: Manufacturing Medical Products with Laser Technology
...lation process is fiercely disputed, excimer laser ablation is characterised by high precision and edge sharpness. These are due to extensive localisation of the energy source arising from the optical and thermal properties of the polymers. For pulse durations in the 10ns range, energy transport by conduction does not play a role and an absorption coefficient of 104cm-1 corresponds to an optical penetration depth of just one micrometer. Thus, in a matter of nanoseconds, energy densities can be g...

Kunststoffe international, 2006-02-22, New Applications: Joining with Light
Joining. Joining with Light. New Applications. The use of lasers in production engineering for plastics parts is now an inherent feature of innovative production solutions. Thanks to constant further developments on both the hardware side and the process/materials side, laser technology is gaining an ever-broader range of applications. Matthias Poggel. Arnold Gillner. Ulrich Russek. The underlying basis for machining or processing materials with laser light depends on the way in which the ...

Kunststoffe international, 2006-04-25, Filler Dispersion: Ultrasonic Spectroscopy for In-Line Monitoring
... used because of the strong fluorescence. Only the ultrasound results are discussed below. The mid frequency of the ultrasonic transducer was about 5MHz and the usable frequency range extended from about 1 to 8MHz. For the ultrasonic measurements, a pulse transmission method was used (Fig.3, right) [4]. To obtain the amplitude spectrum A(ω) and phase spectrum φ;(ω) for the transmitted and received signals, the ultrasound signals are subject to Fourier transformation from the time...

Kunststoffe international, 2006-06-30, UTECH 2006: PUrists Together
...hibited under the name of "High Definition Flow Meter" (Fig. 2). In the system presented VSE offers for the first time a very much finer and hence more accurate measurement of volumes conveyed than has so far been possible using conventional pulse transmitters and a simple mathematical refinement. At the same time the VSE developers exploit the sinusoidal pattern of the inductive signal on passing through one pump element under the sensor. From this signal pattern genuine, exact interval...

Kunststoffe international, 2006-08-06, Overall Concept: Pulse Tempering Methods
Special Pulse Tempering Methods Overall Concept. The realisation of patented pulse tempering technology in injection moulding makes it possible to simplify mould designs, shorten cycle times, reduce energy costs and improve product quality. The significant temperatures, i.e. those of the mould wall, heat-exchange medium, hot runner and mould frame are precisely controlled. The software allows them to be displayed together on the user interface. Werner Kotzab The “energy balance in the injectio...

Kunststoffe international, 2006-08-06, Trade Fair Report: Chinaplas – the Leading Asian Trade Fair of the Future?
...enerally used with a 2+2-cavity mould running an approx. 18-s cycle, the company employed a 110-tonnes machine with a 1+1-cavity mould and reduced the cycle time through fast parallel motions, a mould with pulse cooling and a high-speed handling system with rotary plate and part removal. Strategically Realigned Under the name Battenfeld Chen Extrusion Systems Ltd., Chen Hsong Holdings Ltd., Hong Kong, and the SMS Group established a joint venture in China ten years ago. The technical know-how ...

Kunststoffe international, 2006-09-28, Reactive Processing: From Expanded Foam to Structural Part
...e (Fig. 3). In the system presented VSE offers for the first time a very much more finely resolved and hence more accurate measurement of volumes conveyed by a gear-type pump. This is very much better than was hitherto possible using conventional pulse transmitters and a simple mathematical treatment. At the same time the VSE developers exploit the sinusoidal pattern of the inductive signal on passing through a pump element under the sensor. From this signal pattern genuine, exact intervals can ...

Kunststoffe international, 2007-03-15, Complex and Stable
...ocess to form closed sections, maximising the stiffness of the structure, while integrating the shape which provides support to the passenger, improving comfort. The parts are made from a specially developed blow-moulding grade of a PC+ABS blend, Pulse 2200BG, which offers the stiffness and impact properties required over a wide range of temperatures and conditions and is tuned to the process needs. Apart from enabling the closed structure in one shot, the blow moulding process also offers reduc...

Kunststoffe international, 2007-03-15, Industrial Production of Optical Parts
...t 24°C (Fig.3). The hot-runner arrangement was the same in both cases, though the conformal cooling could be arranged significantly closer to the hot runner. For thick-walled parts from 1.2mm, the conformal cooling can be combined with pulse cooling, which further reduces the cycle time. Experience with Mass Production Balda has already used injection compression of optical parts since 2004 for various projects, e.g. the production of a camera window of a Nokia mobile phone (Title photo). Expe...

Kunststoffe international, 2007-05-14, The Terahertz View
...nsulating foam used on the Space Shuttle confirm the possibilities in the area of materials testing, e.g. for detection of defects. Over the long term, it is also conceivable that THz waves could be used for indoor communication. THz Spectrometer: Pulsed or Continuous Emission? A basic distinction is drawn between broadband THz pulses and continuous emission of radiation, i.e. continuous waves (CW) at a constant frequency. CW systems are less expensive, but provide less information than a puls...

Kunststoffe international, 2007-05-14, Uncompromising Eyes
...by static charges is classified as such and therefore not identified as a defect (Fig.7). Lighting Technology The use of the right lighting technology is vitally important for film inspection. The standard lighting normally comprises fast-pulse fluorescent tubes. But fibre-optic or LED lighting is also employed. The lighting may be used as reflected or transmitted light. If possible, transmitted light is preferred because it enables both sides of the film to be inspected. On the other hand, ph...

Kunststoffe international, 2007-06-18, Melt Filters in Foam Extrusion
Melt Filters in Foam Extrusion Expanded Foam Sheet Production By using filter systems plant downtimes caused by impurities and contaminants in expanded foam sheet production can be reliably prevented. In doing so the procedure for changing filter systems ensures that the pressure-sensitive process for producing expanded foam cannot be disrupted. Oliver Schmidt Panels made from extruded polystyrene foam are frequently employed for insulation purposes in the building industry on account of ...

Kunststoffe international, 2007-07-18, Resorbable Implant Containing Medication
...ication that suppresses the bladder muscle activity by blocking the corresponding muscle receptors. The effectiveness of these orally administered substances is dose-dependent and limited because of systemic side effects such as dry mouth, increased pulse rate, impaired vision or indigestion, or mental impairments [5, 6]. The consequence at present is premature termination of therapy in up to 30% of the cases. To increase therapeutic success, direct introduction of dissolved oxybutinins to the ...

Kunststoffe international, 2007-08-14, Air Unloaded
... So as to comply with environmental standards, a new flue gas cleaning plant was built here, in 1996. It comprises approximately 2,200 filter bags, all in all. For dedusting, a needle felt filter is used. It is cleaned at regular intervals by a Pulse-Jet system and works just as a "pneumatic carpet beater". The flue gas to be cleaned normally reaches the plant at approx. 106°C. While starting the plant, peak values of up to 160°C are possible. The plant uses filter bags made of Fortron f...

Kunststoffe international, 2008-01-15, More Complexity, Speed, and Intelligence
...ple is employed for PSG’s machine shut-off nozzle "E-mag-S". Thanks to a novel lever design with high leverage ratio, the shut-off nozzle requires very little mounting space. To close the needle, a 24V pulse is applied for 0,1s, after which the voltage is reduced to a 5V holding level. To open the shut-off needle, the supply voltage is simply switched off. … to Hot-runners for Special Applications To prepare for the predicted future increase in the use of "green" plastics, hot-...

Kunststoffe international, 2008-06-16, Sensor-Equipped Automobile "Thinks" Along with Driver
... time. The electronic parking brakes involves only the light tap of a finger – instead of the usual pulling on the long handle of a purely mechanical hand brake. By pressing a button on a switch, the driver triggers an electric pulse that activates two actors in the calipers of the rear brakes. The force generated in this way can be used in a number of ways. For instance, vehicles can be prevented from rolling away on inclines as steep as 30%. When starting to drive away, the brake remains engag...

Kunststoffe international, 2008-07-15, Rotational Welding in One Pulse
...ced simultaneously and there is no relative movement between the laser, mirror and part. The simultaneous process is characterized by the fact that the entire weldseam contour is processed simultaneously in a single operation by means of a radiation pulse. This process considerably reduces process times compared to contour welding. The interaction time is increased, and costly movement systems are not needed. The process is particularly interesting for mass production. In laser welding, the opti...

Kunststoffe international, 2009-01-26, Extreme Performance in Sport
...orts equipment company Adidas which for more than fifty years now has decisively shaped all the important technological developments in football boots and footballs (Fig. 4). To take an example, the Predator is also equipped with Power-Pulse technology (Title picture). This is based on the principle of optimum mass distribution which is already employed in the construction of tennis rackets and golf clubs. In this case a hollow cavity in the sole is filled with black wolfram powd...

Kunststoffe international, 2009-02-17, Production under Laminar Flow Conditions
...st (pressure test with compressed air at 10 mbar for 10 ms) – if the value is < 4 mbar, the parts are considered “leak-free”. 2. Hair crack test based on application of an electric voltage at the bottom of the container (50 mW pulse at 30,000 V). 3. Visual inspection with cameras that inspect the surface and verify the absence of particles or contaminants in the containers. If a part fails one of these three tests, it is diverted by a separator. Subsequent electrostatic discharge of the part...

Kunststoffe international, 2009-06-16, Writing with Light
...cy-doubled and frequency-tripled lasers as well as the diversity of possible combinations of materials and processes are opening up many new fields of application in the plastics industry. Precision Markings For markings on plastics Q-switched short-pulsed solid state lasers or fiber lasers are usually used. These usually have an average power of less than 100 W and a pulse duration between 10 and 100 ns. Pulse frequencies are up to 120 kHz, and in the case of fiber lasers even up to 1 MHz. In t...

Kunststoffe international, 2009-10-14, Endless Energy Savings
...Hz current into the frequency needed for the corresponding motor speed. This is done with power electronics components, which are subject to losses. In rated operation, frequency inverters are about 96–98 % efficient [2], with higher pulse frequencies further possibly lowering the efficiency to 94–95 % due to increased switching losses. In the partial load range, efficiency is still considerably lower because of the steady loss proportions. The cycle frequency of the frequency inverter determine...

Kunststoffe international, 2009-10-14, Race of Products
...uent thermal load. Moldex has incorporated a time-dependent cooling calculation as well in order to control cooling and heating of individual sections of the mold over time. This makes it possible to simulate the variotherm process as well as pulse cooling. The basic principle underlying such an approach to processing involves heating the mold to close to the melt temperature shortly before injection of the plastic. In this way, the flow characteristics of the plastic are retained until the mold...

Kunststoffe international, 2009-11-19, A Practical Guide
... most of the injection stroke of the screw, and is therefore not available as metering volume for the microcavities at the end of the flow path. The melt residing between the screw and cavity becomes an energy capacitor since the injection pulse from the screw is partially absorbed before it reaches the cavity. After the hold pressure time, the plastic melt in the runner and barrel is decompressed. The melt then relaxes after each cycle. Depending on the runner and screw metering volume, the com...

Kunststoffe international, 2010-04-20, Hot and Cold Molds
...ps the cycles short and manufacturing costs low. Resolving the Physical Contradiction In recent years, there have been many different approaches to resolving this physical contradiction. In essence, all were focused on the cooling. For example, in pulse cooling, the cooling medium is supplied synchronized with the cycle [1]. This allows even heated molds to be cooled with cold media, provided that the individual cooling pulses are short and do not dissipate more heat than is supplied to the mold...

Kunststoffe international, 2010-04-20, On the Threshold of Industrial Application
...quency are by far the most cost-effective means for some imaging applications. For more information, as is required in feasibility studies, however, there is almost no alternative to the THz time-domain spectroscopy (TDS), which uses broadband THz pulses. When the thickness of the sample or the internal structure are of interest, time-of-flight measurements are essential. Analogously to ultrasonics, the THz pulse response gives an insight into the internal structure (boundary layers, unknown int...

Kunststoffe international, 2010-04-20, Square Meters in CD Quality
...s as a cyclone and leads to considerable dust removal.” Motan also has a cleanroom-compatible filter-cleaning solution: “The conventional way is to blow off the dust adhering to the filter with a compressed air pulse. However, this method is not suitable for the cleanroom; that is why we use “implosion cleaning.” Since the system is under vacuum, a cylinder is opened after each conveying operation to suddenly admit a large volume of air. The resulting high pressure cleans the filters. Of course,...

Kunststoffe international, 2010-09-24, Color Takes on a Functional Role
...n the population are seen by many brand producers – not only in the consumer sector – as sensitive indicators because they can influence consumer behavior, buying habits and fashion trends quickly. It is important to have a finger on that pulse. Accordingly we find increasingly that the producers at the beginning of the value chain together with brand producers, which we all know from everyday life, develop direct and application oriented solutions for their products. For short-term and rapid de...

Kunststoffe international, 2011-01-25, Marking and Welding in One Operation
...nts, are the preferred plastics additive for laser marking [3]. The finely dispersed pigment particles in the polymer matrix absorb the laser beam and dissipate the heat to adjacent polymer molecules. Laser marking is normally carried out with high pulse rates and short exposure times. The adjacent polymer molecules are heated and, depending on the polymer grade, either carbonized (black marking) or foamed (light marking). As concrete particles, inorganic pigments are firmly bound by the macromo...

Kunststoffe international, 2011-01-25, Three Steps to a Good Marking Result
Marking a part using a laser as the marking tool is a technically demanding process. The user needs to know the pulse power, the pulse frequency, the beam deflection velocity and the energy settings that are required for the laser in order to refine and optimize the marking result. The wide range of setting options available for the individual parameters on the TruMark meant that, despite the comprehensive training offered by Trumpf, the manufacturers (see box on page 16), those new to laser mar...

Kunststoffe international, 2011-02-21, Expedient Combination instead of Wasteful Installation
...uous processes, in particular, has repeatedly been highlighted by reference to selected exemplary processes [3–7]. Characteristic for these systems is that the flow of the temperature control medium is not maintained constantly; instead, a limited pulse of cold water is directed through the mold per cycle. The length of this pulse is controlled in such a way that the desired nominal temperature is obtained in the mold. The large temperature difference between the temperature control medium and t...

Kunststoffe international, 2012-09-17, Serving the Growth Market for Staple Fibers Ecologically
... processing of reclaim as moisture. These impurities such as sand or residues of paper or labels can lead to problems, especially during the production of the extremely thin staple fibers. Furthermore, the melt has to be delivered pulse-free and uniformly from the spinneret. For this reason, “spinpack filters” are employed in staple fiber lines to homogenize the flow profile and ensure the purity of the melt. These generally consist of several layers of wire mesh. Impurities in the melt stream g...

Kunststoffe international, 2012-10-15, Hot or Cold, that Is the Question
... which rapid temperature change is possible (see below). Cold Heat-transfer Media Since 1993, there have been claims, based on a simple look at the cooling time formula, that the cooling time could be reduced by over 10 % [6] on average with pulsed cooling [4, 5] by using a medium that is cold compared to the mold temperature. So that the mold does not cool completely, the medium only flows through the mold for a short period. The cooling pulse is so short that the mold temperature at the cavity...

Kunststoffe international, 2012-10-15, Physical Foaming Made Very Easy
...rained or eroded surfaces could be considered as a first step. For perfect, possibly high-gloss visible surfaces, a combination with dynamic mold tempering could prove to be suitable, for example with pulse cooling, as presented by KraussMaffei at the Fakuma 2012. Moreover, combined processes such as foil back injection or in-mold surface decoration are conceivable. Advantageous hereby are the low pressures of the Mu-Cell process. For the production of multi-functional components, physical foami...

Kunststoffe international, 2013-07-22, Measuring Melt Temperature with Ultrasound Metrology
...erature distribution in blast furnace gases. In recent years, the prices of ultrasonic components and systems have fallen to such an extent that such tomographic-acoustic methods are now becoming affordable to plastics processors. When an ultrasonic pulse is transmitted through a polymer melt along a sound path travel distance S (between a transmitter and a receiver), the travel time of the pulse through the melt is given by: ??? (1) where cL,s is the longitudinal velocity of sound at a position...

Kunststoffe international, 2014-05-07, 3-D Molded Interconnect Devices: Laser Direct Structuring Opens Up New Product Options
...anning flexibility. To change the conductor structures, it is only necessary to load a new layout file. Since it is based on laser technology, the LDS process is very precise. LPKF uses processing units with a laser wavelength of 1,064 nm (IR) and a pulse frequency of between 10 and 200 kHz. The minimum pitch of 75 μm/75 μm (conductor/spacing) is achieved with a special laser spot. Even the standard processing unit attains a pitch of 150 μm/150 μm (conductor/spacing). The laser beam is guided on...

Kunststoffe international, 2014-10-10, PET Recycling
...nt and into the inlet block at approximately 30–80 bar, from where it is removed in a controlled manner. In each case, only a small segment (about 1 % of the screen surface) is shot clear, with the result that a defined high pulse is available for cleaning every time. This way of working cleans the filter elements completely and depending on the filter fineness, allows them to be used again up to 400 times, which means fully-automatic filtration for up to 1 month without any labor input whatsoev...

Kunststoffe international, 2014-11-26, Non-Destructive Testing of Fiber Composites
... image in Figure 6 left shows the minor damage near the surface and Figure 6 right the much more extensive damage at a deeper layer.Non-destructive testing by means of thermography is based on the observation of the surface temperature after a pulsed or periodic thermal excitation. The propagation behavior of the introduced heat allows conclusions to be drawn about the internal structure. At a delamination, the heat, for example, cannot dissipate at all, or only to a limited extent, and a hot sp...

Kunststoffe international, 2015-07-20, Clear Sight with New Light
...e passes comparable to quasi-simultaneous welding. The advantage here is that the interface can be melted selectively without being restricted to any length of the welding contour as in quasi-simultaneous welding.Welding with Ultrashort Pulse Lasers Utilizing the fact that the absorption properties of plastics not only depend on the wavelength but also on the intensity of the radiation, ultrashort pulse lasers can be applied to selectively melt the interface of two joining partners. Above a spe...

Kunststoffe international, 2015-07-20, Color Marking by Pulsed Laser Irradiation
...such as foaming, removal of coatings, carbonization and engraving [1]. The reaction of the polymer upon laser radiation is dependent on the material properties, the wavelength of the laser and the mode of operation of the laser system (continuous or pulsed) [2]. Some of the process variants require the use of special laser-sensitive additives [3]. Usage of high-energy ultraviolet laser radiation causes chemical changes in the polymer, creating a fading or a light-dark color change. Thermal effec...

Kunststoffe international, 2016-03-08, Error-Free Coupling
...een precisely adapted to the handling task by Hörl. Separation of the sprue from the finished part takes place at a station in a single step. Here, the clips are picked up by the vertical robot system, the sprues detached via an air-blast pulse and removed free-falling onto a conveyor belt.The finished parts are removed one mold insert at a time and, for reasons of traceability, deposited separately into six containers via a tubular system. Automatically lockable guide plates on the gripper and ...

Kunststoffe international, 2016-05-18, Laser Technology for Lightweight Industrial Applications
...on. These newly developed laser processes support rapid, reliable joining of e. g. polymers and metals, merely with laser radiation and without the need for additives. Electrical contact between the hybrid components is created by means of laser impulse metal bonding (Limbo), while a two-step positive-locking joining method is used industrially for macroscopic structural components. Excellent cutting quality combined with competitive processing times are achieved through the optimum use of pulse...

Kunststoffe international, 2016-09-23, Contouring with Cover Blades
...e further heated with a laser in another station [8–10].Majschak, Bach et al. have developed the process "CeraHeat" [11, 12]. A thermoforming machine equipped with contact heating is extended with ceramic heating elements which are controlled by pulse mode. Each heating element can be controlled separately in order to apply a temperature profile on the sheet [12].Both approaches demonstrate the great potential of temperature contouring for the design of load-compliant wall thicknesses for thermo...

Kunststoffe international, 2016-10-17, On the Pulse of the Polymer Melt
State-of-the-art quality control systems for production require precise and real time measurement of control parameters such as the MFI. Such measurements lead to optimized process control, product quality, and reduced consumption of resources. One parameter of quality control, found in every data sheet throughout the industry, is the melt flow index or melt flow rate (MFI). It specifies how much polymer melt flows through a defined die configuration when loaded with a measurement weight (Fig. ...

Kunststoffe international, 2017-02-23, Elastomers of the Third Dimension
...required cross-linking energy. Since the rubber is not heated in this case, the viscosity does not decrease. The created contours maintain their shape during the cross-linking process, even without tools. By varying the input radiation energy over pulse duration and radiation intensity, the degree of cross-linking in the deposed material line can be adjusted. The cross-linking should produce a sufficient dimensional stability which can bear the weight force of the overlying line without deformat...

Kunststoffe international, 2017-03-27, Best for Exterior Applications
For the roof rails on the current Opel Compact Estate it was decided to use a reinforced thermoplastic solution instead of aluminum. The Spanish automotive supplier SRG made the choice for the mineral fiber-reinforced PC+ABS blend, Pulse XT9215, from Trinseo. This material is the first in a range of PC+ABS formulations for lightweight, economically produced exterior automotive applications. StandardPC/PET, 20 % mineral-filledPC/SAN, 20 % mineral-filledPulse XT9215Density [g/cm3]ISO 1183/B1.351.2...

Kunststoffe international, 2017-12-21, From Versatile to Highly Efficient
...ould save up to 95 % of the compressed air demand. The control system switches off the vacuum generation once a preset limit has been reached. If the vacuum level falls during the residence time, the set value is restored by a short pulse.The leakage detection registers irregularities in the automatic start-stop function and reports them immediately back to the MC6 control system. The control system signals leaky vacuum circuits or defective suction cups at an early stage. "The vacuum monitoring...

Kunststoffe international, 2017-12-21, Plastic and Metal − an Inseparable Team
...ses lasers to generate microtexture on the metal surface (Fig. 5). Part of the Q-Pro project conducted by Bayerisches Laserzentrum GmbH consists in investigating how suitable structures for high connection properties can be created as a function of pulse duration, energy quantity and laser scanning strategy. Advantageously, full bond strength is achieved immediately after injection molding: no additional components or auxiliary materials are required and the process can be transferred comparativ...

Kunststoffe international, 2018-02-21, Faster than the Heat Can Flow
The use of extremely short laser pulses is increasingly important for industrial material processing, especially in the case of delicate structures and thermally sensitive materials. Ultrashort pulse lasers have technical characteristics that offer new opportunities for precision and processing quality. … Dr. Frank Korte, CEO of Micreon GmbH, Hanover, Germany. The processing of plastics with the aid of lasers has long been widespread in industry, especially for material removal (ablation), for ...

Kunststoffe international, 2018-05-15, All a Question of Strategy
Heyco-Werk Süd is the pulse generator for the plastics processing of the entire group of companies. This is where the threads for the development and production of technical plastic parts come together. The automotive supplier sees itself well positioned not only with its own product portfolio, but also with the choice of strategic partners. How this works is demonstrated by the example of a component for the BMW X2. Windshields, water cowls, liquid and expansion tanks, air intake systems and sy...

Kunststoffe international, 2018-09-19, The Evolution of Non-Destructive Testing
...llows the testing of large-area structures (Fig. 2), such as are typical for fiber composites in the energy, automotive and aerospace industries, within a short time and with high detection probability of operationally relevant defects. Multiple-Pulse Thermography Does Not Stress the MaterialIf the measurement sequence cannot be sufficiently reduced at the software side, adaptation at the hardware side can lead to success. In pulse thermography, the part to be tested is classically thermally exc...

Kunststoffe international, 2020-05-05, Groundbreaking Ultrasound Shear Waves
...robes that ex‧ecute shearing movements at high frequency can incite shear waves in the test specimen via a viscous couplant. Shear waves propagate in solids at a speed that depends on the shear stiffness. When a shear wave pulse is reflected on the opposite side of the probe, the shear movement on the probe can be measured by means of the inverse piezoelectric effect. The sound velocity can be determined from the time difference between the transmitted and received pulse with a known test specim...

Kunststoffe international, 2020-08-11, Uniting Glass and Plastic
...is step. With a CO2 laser, a scanner system is used to guide the laser beam over the glass sample at high speed in several passes (Title figure). Thanks to the galvanometric scanner mirrors, speeds of several m/s can be achieved here. Each laser pulse ablates material; the structural depth and density can be flexibly adjusted via the number of passes or the scanning velocity. To increase the bond strength, multiple structures can be introduced on a glass sample. The advantages of the process are...