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Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Compounds and Masterbatches
Compounds and Masterbatches Trends at K 2001 Matthias C. Hund, Neustadt/Weinstraße, Germany The large number of exhibitors at K 2001 offering compounds or masterbatches underlines the importance of these industries. They are used for turning commodity polymers into tailored systems. This article picks out certain features and trends from the wide variety of available information. At first glance, the division of responsibilities appears quite simple: polymer manufacturers produce the bas...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Consumer Protection: Migration Models for the Assessment of Plastic Products
Consumer Protection: Migration Models for the Assessment of Plastic Products The migration of substances from plastics into foods or into the indoor air is a key issue. New software programs provide support in estimating substance migration and help save time and costs. The wide range of properties offered by the plastics that are familiar today is based, firstly, on the different fundamental structures of the polymer matrix and, secondly, on a wealth of relatively low-molecular additives, i...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, For All Eventualities
For All Eventualities Lubricants for Engineering Plastics Eric Richter, Gersthofen/Germany Lubricants can improve the processing properties of engineering plastics exposed to high thermal stressing during processing in many different ways. They frequently act as problem-solvers in respect of flow and demoulding behaviour, as well as with regard to dispersion and nucleation. Engineering thermoplastics have been used as key structural materials for many years now. Accounting for approximat...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Headlamp Bonding: Warm Reactive Bonding
Headlamp Bonding: Warm Reactive Bonding Individual parts of an automobile headlamp, which consists of different plastics, can be bonded economically with a reactive warm melt or warm fusion adhesive and a specially developed technology. The adhesive hardens quickly with environmental moisture and bonds well to plasma pre-treated plastics. Jürgen Horstmann, Peter W. Merz Automobile headlamps made by the system supplier Hella KG Hueck & Co., Lippstadt/Germany, consist in principle of two par...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Highly Filled, Well Dispersed
Highly Filled, Well Dispersed Waxes as Dispersing Agents in Pigment Concentrates Reiner Hess, Augsburg/Germany A precondition for processing pigment concentrates is good dispersion of the pigments. The latest developments use micronised waxes as dispersing agents and give excellent results. Plastics have established themselves in all aspects of daily life in the past decades. They are now available in all conceivable colours. Furthermore, there has been a continued strong trend towards i...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Injection Moulding Metal and Ceramic Powder
Injection Moulding Metal and Ceramic Powder PIM is Not a Job Just for Specialists Michael Bayer, Gersthofen/Germany Despite the many advantages that injection moulding of plastics offers, limits are set by the material properties. Powder injection moulding permits the combination of a thermoplastic moulding process with ceramic or metal materials. In this article, the smooth integration of powder injection moulding into a plastics injection moulding plant is described. Thermoplastic moul...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Innovative Solutions from VDI-K: Outside and Under the Bonnet
VDI-K Outside and Under the Bonnet Innovative Solutions from VDI-K. The VDI-K “Plastics in Automotive Construction” congress held in Mannheim/Germany is the forum for automotive engineers seeking to learn more about plastics innovations that have proved themselves in initial series applications. The following report from this year's congress deals with applications in bodywork and the engine compartment. Wolfgang Kircher The widely known advantages of plastics, such as weight savings, func...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Laminating PVC Window Profiles without Solvents
Laminating PVC Window Profiles without Solvents High-quality Bonding by Precleaning and Flame Treatment Jörg Gehrke and Horst Kleinert, Dresden/Germany, Horst Hoffmann, Bopfingen/Germany A completely new, solventless method has been developed for the production of film-laminated PVC window profiles, which is based on the combined use of a biodegradable alkaline cleaning agent and flame treatment. In Germany, around 1 million tonnes of unplasticised PVC are processed every year. Some 20 %...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Polypropylene/Magnetite Compounds
Polypropylene/Magnetite Compounds Mechanical Properties at a Glance Peter Duifhuis, Rotterdam/Netherlands, and Bernd Weidenfeller, Clausthal-Zellerfeld/Germany Thanks to its outstanding properties, a functional filler of magnetite (Fe3O4) has already found its way into numerous applications, extending from cosmetics to the automotive industry. The properties of a plastic filled with magnetite can be tailor-made over a broad range. With a functional filler of magnetite (Fe3O4), it is poss...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Silicones: Preserving a Heritage
Silicones: Preserving a Heritage In a world of high tech and future visions, a renaissance is taking place in our interest in the values and works of former ages. Conserving and preserving our cultural heritage are thus ongoing concerns, in which silicones have a firmly established position. Doris Wacker Silicones are familiar to us from many different fields of application. They perform their services in the automotive industry, in plastics and rubbers, textiles and paper and in the elect...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, The Three-litre House
The Three-litre House Innovative Insulation Brings Energy Savings in the Refurbishment of Old Buildings Sabine Philipp, Karl Arenz and Jürgen Fischer, Ludwigshafen/Germany, Rainer Feldmann and Eberhard Hinz, Darmstadt/Germany Old buildings with a very high annual heating requirement ought to be urgently refurbished so that resources may be conserved and CO2 emissions reduced. A strategy devised for a pilot project in Ludwigshafen slashed the energy needed to heat a house to about 10% of pr...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Top Performance
Top Performance Properties and Processing Aspects of TPU for High Performance Films Knud Fähndrich and Oliver Mühren, Lemförde/Germany Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers (TPU) have by no means exhausted their potential for use in films. They offer outstanding mechanical properties with high extensibility over a wide temperature range, high puncture resistance and excellent abrasion resistance. Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) is a thermoplastic elastomer. It is formed essentially by a...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Two-component Micro Powder Injection Moulding: Three Special Processes in One
Injection Moulding Three Special Processes in One Two-component Micro Powder Injection Moulding. To produce multifunctional ceramic micro-parts, multicomponent, powder and micro injection moulding were combined in one process. This article describes the injection moulding of high-performance heating elements with adjustable electrical resistance. Powder injection moulding allows economic mass production of complex parts of metal and ceramic. Multicomponent injection moulding offers multifunctio...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Viscosity Measurement: Determining Rheological Data Directly at the Machine
Injection Moulding Determining Rheological Data Directly at the Machine Viscosity Measurement. A special die is used to determine the vis-cosity behaviour of the plastic melt directly on the injection moulding machine. Unlike melt flow index (MFI) measurements, this method presents the flow behaviour across a large shear-rate profile. The measurement nozzle can also determine flow anomalies in highly filled plastic compounds. Christian Gornik Viscosity is defined as the ratio between the shear ...

Kunststoffe international, 2006-04-21, Processing Aid: It’s All a Matter of Flow
Additives. It’s All a Matter of Flow. Processing Aid. With CBT as an additive, processing of compounds is more efficient and simpler, thanks to the lower viscosity of the material. Because of its good compatibility with most engineering resins, the properties of compounded commodity resins can be improved and demanding special applications can also be realized. Martin Rösch. Cyclic butylene terephthalates (CBT) are thermoplastic precursors from which custom-tailored thermoplastics can be produce...

Kunststoffe international, 2006-09-28, A Holistic Approach: Integrated Engineering
Product Development Integrated Engineering A Holistic Approach. Integrated engineering means approaching product development as a whole, starting from the OEM’s specification and design requirements to the start of mass production – planned and supported entirely from one source. Experienced specialists coordinate the project flow and focus the innovative power of different companies in product development, prototype and mould making and the assembly concept. Jürgen Gäbelein Matthias Schmuck ...

Kunststoffe international, 2007-04-17, Ceramics Dressed as Plastics
Ceramics Dressed as Plastics Hybrid Parts Overmoulding of powder injection-moulded ceramic inserts opens up interesting possibilities for manufacturing plastics/ceramics hybrids on a large scale. This process was closely examined in a joint research project by the Süddeutsches Kunststoff-Zentrum (SKZ) and the Institute for Materials Research III at the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe. Volker Piotter et al. The development of novel composites, in which the properties of different materials are ...

Kunststoffe international, 2007-12-17, From the Plastic Part to the End Product
From the Plastic Part to the End Product Surface Technology Most plastic products must undergo secondary processing or finishing for technical and often decorative reasons. Encouragingly, many innovations on this subject were presented at K2007, in the subjective opinion of the observer even proportionately more than at past shows. Max Dominik The article deals in detail with the coating and metallizing of plastic articles; the January edition will discuss the printing of webs and parts. ...

Kunststoffe international, 2010-09-24, Designer Products Based on a Modular Approach
Styrene-butadiene (SB) block copolymers are a relatively new and innovative field in which many new developments have recently become ready to market. At the same time – and perhaps for related reasons – BASF is also celebrating two anniversaries in this field: 20 years of Styrolux in Antwerp, Belgium, and 15 years of Styroflex. The SB block copolymer Styrolux was first produced on a commercial scale about 30 years ago in Ludwigshafen, Germany. In 1990, barely ten years later, a second productio...

Kunststoffe international, 2011-04-25, Pencils from the Extruder
It all began in the mid-sixteenth century, in the mountains of Cumberland, Northern England, with the accidental discovery of a charcoal-black mineral that was ideal for marking and writing. Because of its appearance and consistency, it was thought to be a lead ore and became known as “blacklead.” This misnomer continues to this day with the term “pencil lead”. In fact, this mineral’s high graphite content was not clearly demonstrated until 1789 by the Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele. Based...

Kunststoffe international, 2011-11-18, Designing Lighter Cars
The objective of innovative vehicle manufacturers is to harmonize many varied aspects such as design, efficiency, comfort and construction requirements to the best possible solution. In addition they are increasingly focusing on reducing the overall weight. This is driven by the current requirements for lower consumption and CO2 emissions, which are primarily achieved by a reduction in vehicle weight. However, lightweight construction in vehicles normally stands in competition with other importa...

Kunststoffe international, 2012-04-20, Production Efficiency at the Focus of Attention
Unexpectedly, Herbert Kraibühler killed the euphoria. At a press conference at the beginning of the Technology Days in Lossburg, Germany, Michael Hehl, managing partner at Arburg GmbH + Co. KG, presented the latest figure of consolidated turnover for the 2011 business year of the Hehl group. It is expected to range at EUR 460 million. Immediately after that, the leap to half a billion seemed a mere formality to some visitors. Kraibühler, managing partner in charge of technique, was fast to react...

Kunststoffe international, 2013-02-22, Absorbable Spinal Implants
There is hardly anybody who does not at some stage in their life suffer from pain resulting from degenerative changes in their intervertebral discs. Studies have shown that around 36 % of all intervertebral conditions affect the neck vertebrae. Most people with back or neck pain can be successfully treated conservatively, that is without the need for surgical procedures. In spite of this, surgical treatment plays a significant role in the treatment of conditions not amenable to conservative ther...

Kunststoffe international, 2014-03-21, MagnetPIM: One-Shot Production of Sintered Magnets
MagnetPIM is a process for producing complex multi-polar sintered magnets without the need for any assembly steps. The resulting scope for miniaturization and integration of functions opens up vast application potential, especially for sensor and drive technology. There are currently two main ways to manufacture magnetic components. Where high levels of magnetism are required, compression molding, optionally followed by sintering of the components, is the method of choice. However, geometric con...

Kunststoffe international, 2014-04-14, Total Surveillance
Dr. Clemens Doriat, Editor of Kunststoffe internationalDr. Clemens Doriat, Editor of Kunststoffe internationalDr. Clemens Doriat, Editor of Kunststoffe international Let’s not deceive ourselves. The age of total surveillance has dawned. But it is not the scandal surrounding the methods employed by the NSA or the headlines about the spying campaigns of various discount supermarkets in Germany that are being referred to here. Surveillance has been standard practice in plastics processing for many...

Kunststoffe international, 2015-02-28, Plasma Makes Skis Fly
Using an atmospheric plasma technology a team of Italian researchers has succeeded to bring about a sixfold increase in the amount of adsorbable wax on the running surface of racing skis. Thereby a new impregnation process could be filed for patent. Every thousandth of a second counts. Extreme skiers such as Italian Simone Origone hurl down the slope without any protective car bodywork or sophisticated braking systems and safety engineering. When the world champion of speed skier clocked up 252....

Kunststoffe international, 2015-12-17, Copying Nature’s Mechanisms
Materials respond automatically and in an analog manner to stimuli from their environment, such as heat, pressure, humidity or magnetic fields. Designers could exploit these effects to construct future structures as efficiently as nature, and to achieve optimum functions with low input of materials and energy. A number of projects have now been performed to investigate the potential offered by adaptive and sensory structures of plastic. Ever since ancient times, people have recognized and used t...

Kunststoffe international, 2016-11-30, Icecold to Higher Quality and Productivity
Tool and mold cleaning is a quality and cost critical production step in the plastics industry. Dry ice enables effective yet gentle cleaning of fine cavities without disassembling or removal of the tools. Molds and dies, for example used at injection molding and extrusion, are today often cleaned with chemicals and mechanical auxiliaries such as brushes or abrasive paper. This takes time, because the tools need to cool down, have to be removed from the machine, expanded, cleaned, and must be re...

Kunststoffe international, 2017-11-29, An Attritional Rendezvous
Particularly in sensitive production environments, self-lubricating high-performance plastics offer advantages over greases and oils. Because these materials are relatively expensive, a 2-phase lubricant system consisting of a POM core with a highly-filled PTFE surface layer seems practical. The first part of this study focuses on the mechanisms of action and the saving potentials of such a system. Automated manufacturing demands continuous material development for wear-prone components and movi...

Kunststoffe international, 2017-12-21, Long-Chained and High-Viscous
In cast polyamides, the catalyst is retained and remains active, causing the material to degrade during processing in the molten state. To preserve the high-value properties of the material after recycling, specific additives are required. Trials show that it is possible to produce high-viscosity polyamides that can find future use in, for example, thermoforming. The most frequently used polyamide is polyamide 6. It is produced from the monomer ε-caprolactam via two different synthesis routes, w...

Kunststoffe international, 2020-04-08, In-House Moldmaking
Compared with conventional thermoforming molds made from epoxy resins or aluminum, a new type of casting resin system not only enables heat-resistant and high-quality thermoforming molds to be produced in a much shorter time, but the user can make the molds himself. The system can also serve as an alternative to ‧injection molding to achieve a favorable price-performance ratio. Thermoforming molds determine the surface texture (sometimes including letters and logos) and are responsible for the g...