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Crystal - PVC - PT. Unipack Plasindo

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Tradename: Crystal
Family: PVC
Producer: PT. Unipack Plasindo
163 hits in the literature database


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Plastics Technology, 2007-10-03, Smaller, Thinner Connectors Drive LCP Growth
... components that must withstand higher temperatures is pushing the envelope for suppliers of liquid crystal polymers (LCPs). This trend has prompted development of a new range of ultra-high-heat mater...

Kunststoffe international, Diverse Shapes and Applications
...rene as the key building block. Due to their amorphous structure, styrene polymers can be easily processed over a wide temperature range well above their softening point, the so-called “glass transition temperature” (Tg). Other than partly crystalline polymers such as polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP), polyamides (PA), polyesters, styrenic poly‧mers (except syndio- and iso-tactic polystyrene – PS) do not show a distinct melting point and, hence, no thermal energy for melting of polymeric c...

Kunststoffe international, From the Roll to the Third Dimension
...dition to traditional hot stamping foils and IMD foils, Kurz offers a wide range of decoration products with special effects and/or functionalities (Fig. 1), such as parts commonly known as PMD (print mold design) foil components. These are crystal-clear polycarbonate foils printed on both sides with precisely matched designs, thus creating decorations with a 3D effect. Due to their relatively high rigidity and softening temperatures, however, PC foils are not suitable for direct processing on a...

Kunststoffe international, No Chance for Dust and Contaminations
...te the influence onto the surface quality both parts from a tool with eroded surface (VDI 24, 1.60 µm Ra) as well as one with a high-polished surface were produced and evaluated. Due to the good molding this results in crystal clear parts for the polished mold and slightly opaque for the first version. With a XPS analysis (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) of the modified part surfaces it was demonstrated that the oxygen concentration in the molecule structure is more than doubled, while the car...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, A Coater with a Clear Perspective
A Coater with a Clear Perspective KRD Sicherheitstechnik Cures Makrolon with Polysiloxane Lacquers Stefan Albus, Herne/Germany Despite their thermoformability, untreated crystal-clear polycarbonates make poor glass substitutes because they are not hard enough. However, applying speciality, non-scratch polysiloxane coatings by the appropriate method can rectify this deficiency. KRD Sicherheitstechnik, Geesthacht/Germany, specialises in non-scratch sealing of plasticised plastics. Since 19...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Airbus to Fly with PPS
... Austria is the first stop for the Fortron 0214C1 PPS material. This company, which specialises in high-performance films, calenders the pellets into thin films with gauges from 50 to 200 µm. The films leave the production unit in a flawless, crystal-clear condition with the required strength properties and dimensional stability on rolls weighing up to 100 kg. At Nijverdal in the Netherlands, the Lipp-Terler film and the glass-fibre or carbon-fibre reinforced fabric (depending on the appli...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Bond Reliably: The Right Adhesive
...seems almost limitless. Common plastic types include, among others, PP, PVC, PE, ABS, PBT and PA. Thanks to these, cost-effective, high-quality components can be employed. In addition to the above, new high-performance plastics such as LCP (Liquid Crystal Polymer) with exceptional properties that are especially well-suited for automotive electronic applications are more and more important: tensile strength of 150 to 180MPa at room temperature, heat stability of up to 300°C, very good chemical ...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Calcium Silicate as a Functional Filler: Wollastonite – a High-performance Filler
...conditions but also to a large extent on the preparation and size reduction techniques employed. The designation wollastonite powder simply indicates that this is a calcium silicate powder. It does not, however, provide any information on the crystal habit of the mineral powder, which can vary widely. Figures 1 and 2 show two wollastonite powders prepared by different methods. A nearly block-like wollastonite (grade: Tremin 283 product series, manufacturer: Quarzwerke GmbH, Frechen/Germany) with...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Colours in Light
...ter ageing. The high quality level of TPU parts is thus retained even after many years’ service. Injection Moulding of Composites This new lightfast thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer based on aliphatic isocyanates has a semicrystalline structure, can be provided with different colours and is primarily designed for injection moulding (grade: Desmopan KU2-88…, manufacturer: BayerAG). However, to a limited extent it is also suitable for extrusion and extrusion blow moulding. Thanks to its ex...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Compostable Material: Thermoformed Packaging Made of PLA
...ning polymerisation. Lactic acid occurs in two isomeric forms: L-lactic acid and D-lactic acid. The ratio of the isomer units in the polymer chain can be varied during the polymerisation process. Physical Properties At room temperature, PLA is a crystal-clear polymer with a glass transition temperature of between 55 and 65°C. The physical properties of PLA are improved by orientation of the material, for example for fibre applications, biaxially oriented sheet and thermoformed containers. ...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Cosmetics Packaging: Trend towards Transparency
...sonal-care products. Traditionally, injection moulding has been the process of choice for producing rugged, transparent parts with wall thicknesses in the centimeter range, with no shrink holes or sink marks to spoil the immaculate appearance of crystal-clear moulded parts. A current example is the thick-wall closure cap for the “New Yorker Woman” and “New Yorker Man” fragrances (Fig. 1) from Mäurer + Wirtz, Stolberg/Germany. The crystal-clear moulded part, which features both high-gloss and fr...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Cycloolefin Copolymer (COC): Appearance Counts
...ver a broad range and align them to the specific requirements of the application in question. Hence the heat resistance of the COC Topas can be set at between 60 and 170°C, as required. Since Topas was launched on the market four years ago, the crystal-clear transparency, high purity and low water-vapour permeability of the COC has repeatedly come under close scrutiny. These characteristics, together with the material's other properties, such as good biocompatibility, low birefringence and a...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Dynamic Growth: Liquid Crystal Polymers (LCP)
Special: World Market Liquid Crystal Polymers (LCP) Dynamic Growth. Since their introduction to the market in the mid-1980s, LCPs have experienced rapid growth, with annual growth rates between 15 and 25% to date. According to predictions, the market should continue to grow an additional 12 to 15% until 2007. Ever shorter product lifetimes combined with ever increasing production quantities that must be produced in ever shorter time frames with increasing miniaturisation and the resultant incre...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Easy-opening Concepts: Easy-opening Sterile Packaging
...aling seam. When the packaging is torn open, one of the ionomer layers is broken, and delamination takes place at the ionomer/PE-HD interface. This concept can be achieved with both simple two-layer structures and multiplayer composites. Crystal-clear transparency and also barrier properties are achieved, for example, through coextrusion with typical barrier plastics such as ethyl vinyl alcohol (EVOH) or polyamide (PA). One example of such a structure is PE/tie layer/10μm EVOH/ 10μm PE-HD-...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Expanded Boundaries
...PPS alloys are distinguished by excellent weld-line strength, minimum flash and considerably improved flow behaviour, which makes injection moulding simpler and more cost effective overall. The material price still lies well below that of the liquid crystal polymers (LCP), which have increasingly gained ground in the traditional applications of PPS. Typical examples of these are electronic plug-and-socket connectors. Progressive miniaturization with reduced wall thicknesses and increasing pin de...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Expectations and Performance: The Importance of Numerical Simulation
...first of all to bear in mind that transport and exchange mechanisms take place at different levels, from macroscopic mechanisms to processes at the microscopic level. Fig.2 shows these differences of scale using as an example the structure of a semi-crystalline polymer [3]. Corresponding with these different scales, there are various modelling levels and simulation tools, e.g. the finite element method (FEM). Material and process simulation can, in principle, be divided into three stages (Fig.3...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Fillers: Improved Properties and Processing
Trade Fair Report Improved Properties and Processing Fillers. The trend that was obvious during the past decade continued at this year’s K-Show. The consequences of the increased price of energy, especially oil, together with developments regarding the exchange rate of the U.S. dollar, have had a significant effect on all materials, but especially the filler industry because of the very high freight costs in relation to the value of the product. Increasing transportation costs, in particular, pr...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Functional Filler: Precipitated Calcium Carbonate in PVC
...nt proportion of impact modifier, a higher notched impact strength was, as expected, achieved than with the standard formulation with GCC (Fig. 2). The specific particle structure of Schaefer Precarb 400 with needle-shaped and somatoid crystals (see Fig. 1) and the high grain fineness allow good distribution in the polymer matrix even at higher filling levels. Compared with GCC, the application properties resulting from the crystal structure and grain fineness are improved, primarily with regard...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, General-purpose Plastics: Appearance Ever More Important
...ent, it supplies a glossy, flawless surface. Cups for coffee machines and receptacles for hot-filled milk products and desserts or ready-made meals are attractive fields of application. The material is also suitable as a blend partner for crystalline PS to give it improved heat stability. When producing articles by injection moulding, the high heat resistance and good flowability help reduce cycle time. The parts can be removed from the mould at an earlier stage and lower wall thicknesses can al...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Growing with the Electronics Market: Liquid-Crystal Polymers (LCP)
Trend Report High Performance Plastics Liquid-Crystal Polymers (LCP) Growing with the Electronics Market. Electronics applications are still the driving force behind the consumption and development of liquid-crystal polymers. As parts get ever smaller but at the same time more complex, increasing demands are made on the material grades used. In many cases, LCPs offer the most efficient solution here thanks to their extraordinary range of properties. Birgit Staub Stefan Greulich Since the end o...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, High-performance Plastics: The Right Material for Future Markets
...ng properties together with high heat resistance and fire retardancy (Fig.1). In addition, certain high-performance plastics have the strength normally only achieved by metals while others tend to be ductile. Some high-performance plastics are semi-crystalline, others amorphous. The latter make it possible to produce transparent mouldings. Long-term sterilisability and the high molecular orientation needed for many thin-wall applications also form part of the property profile of some materials ...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, High-performance Polymers: Metal Substitution and Miniaturisation
...tanks corrosion proof for the chemical industry, the films and sheets resist high temperatures, are chemically inert, inherently flame retardant and less expensive than fluoropolymers. The aircraft industry makes very high demands on semicrystalline thermoplastic parts, since they must meet high safety standards for flame resistance and remain consistently hard and dimensionally stable at high temperatures. When the Airbus A 380 takes off, it will be accompanied by, among other things, about 2....

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, High-temperature Thermoplastic Films: Flexible Printed Circuits
...mer base materials used for FPCs are the thermoset polyimide (PI) and the thermoplastic polyesters, mainly polyethylene terephthalate (PET) [2]. At the moment, the spotlight is also on high-temperature thermoplastics. One such example is liquid crystal polymers (LCPs). The methods employed to produce the film vary according to whether thermosets or thermoplastics are used. Whereas polyimide films are produced via solution, thermoplastic films are manufactured by a cast-film extrusion process. Th...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Improved Injection Moulding Simulation
Improved Injection Moulding Simulation Viscoelastic Properties of Super-cooled Melts During Crystallisation Kerstin Kratze, Dirk Lellinger, Martin Moneke, Martin Bastian, Ingo Alig, Darmstadt/Germany, and George Floudas, Ioannina/Greece Commercial injection moulding simulation programs have so far not included crystallisation-kinetic aspects. Without this approach it is impossible to correctly simulate the material behaviour in the injection moulding process, and the simulation is incomple...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Joining Polyamide Inexpensively
...ecimens with a wall thickness of 1.6 mm and then tested with the injection moulded surface pointing towards the laser beam. The test unit incorporated an Nd: YAG laser with a wavelength of 1.06 µm. The main difference between laser transmission in crystal-clear amorphous materials and semi-crystalline materials is illustrated in Fig. 2. Apart from the potential scatter or deviation of the light from the laser beam's main direction of passage, the path length (leff) of the light can also be s...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Liquid Crystal Polymers (LCP)
Liquid Crystal Polymers (LCP) Achim Hofmann, Kelsterbach Challenges facing suppliers of modern, high-grade, functional components include progressive miniaturisation combined with increased moulded part complexity due to function integration, ever-decreasing life-cycles, and in some cases huge production numbers. LCPs offer an excellent combination of properties that meets the ever-increasing demands placed on the properties of the materials to be used. Since their introduction at the begi...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Materials with Multiple Functions
...pressure. Thus decoration transfer is accomplished and the optimal surface properties of PMMA are retained. Durable housing components: The two frames for the battery package of an Ericsson mobile telephone consist of the liquid crystal polymer (LCP; Vectra) from Ticona (Fig.8). They fixate thin metal plates and together form the cover of the battery system. Apart from the stiffness of the material and its ultrasonic weldability, a substantial argument for the use of the LCPs was above all thei...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Materials: Housings and Catheters
...s, coupled with a high bursting pressure. Together with their low sliding friction, these properties ensure that the catheter can be applied gently and without any pain, as far as possible. Transparent and Robust Trogamid CX is the name of a semi-crystalline polyamide whose crystallites are so small, thanks to the selective combination of monomers, that they do not scatter visible light – a property denoted micro-crystallinity. Trogamid CX is thus a crystal clear, UV-resistant material with a ...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Nano Injection Moulding
Nano Injection Moulding Calibration Structures for Scanning Probe Microscope Alessandro D'Amore, David Simoneta and Wolfgang Kaiser, Aarau/Switzerland, Helmut Schift, Villigen/Schweiz and Markus Gabriel, Muri/Switzerland Injection moulding is suitable for generating nanostructures with a replication fidelity of 25 nm. In a practical application, it was investigated how well nanostructures with special geometries can be replicated. The master forms (stampers) comprised silicon wafers. ...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Nano-replication: Concentration of Information
...mpers with nano-V grooves (Ni stamper di-rectly processed from Si wafer and second Ni galvanisation from Ni stamper). Production and Structuring of the Masters An Si wafer is produced by anisotropic wet etching. This involves taking a silicon monocrystal and etching V-shaped pits with a defined geometry and very sharp – ideally, atomically sharp – tips into it. With the aid of specific etching solutions, the material is removed at different speeds, depending on the crystal orientation. The rati...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Nanopigments: Dwarfs in Automobile Coatings
...icles and agglomerates is of major importance. Some of the possible analytical methods for determining the size of particles and colloids are discussed below. First of all, the phase purity of the produced material must be examined. The correct crystal lattice structure is of major significance for the quality control of the material, and is tested by means of X-ray diffractometry (XRD) (Fig.1). Apart from yielding phase information, a simple equation can be used to calculate the crystallite si...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Perspectives at the Start of a New Millennium
...or the metabolism and, in critical situations, signals could possibly be triggered automatically via monitors. Plastics with particularly good flow properties are required for such micro-components. Good examples are available in the guise of liquid-crystal polymers (LCPs). These materials fulfil the requirements of miniatures production. They combine very good flow properties with excellent mechanical values and allow parts with extreme dimensional accuracy and stability to be made [7, 8]. Pla...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, PMMA Successful in More and More Fields of Application: Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA)
...tner for the innovative markets of automobile manufacture, optics, information technology, medical devices as well as the construction and lighting industries. The extremely resistant PMMA compounds are profiting at present from the boom in liquid-crystal display (LCD) technologies, from the design and lightweight construction challenges in automobile manufacture and the demanding requirements for modern lighting concepts. It is these compounds that make many of the technical developments and cr...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Polyphenylene Sulphide (PPS)
...h temperatures of up to 140°C in the return line. To optimise the flow characteristics and weld line strength, PPS blends have been developed that cost considerably less than the traditional competitive materials such as liquid crystal polymers (LCP). At the same time, they offer much lower melt temperatures than standard PPS as well as minimum flash formation (Mikrograd 0.02mm) for narrow tolerance specifications in the electrical and electronics industry. In this second most important market f...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Polyurethane Gel: High-tech Gel Relieves the Back
... form of special plasters. At Interzum, Technologel Italia, a partner of BMS, presented the concept for a new generation of ergonomic office furniture with cushioning made from high-tech gel (Title picture, Fig.5). “Technogel is elastic, crystal-clear, light-stable, skin-compatible and has special tactile properties,” was how Schneider described the advantages of the material, which started its triumphant progress in around 1990. Initially, Royal Medica used it to produce anti-decubitus mattres...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Reading by Laser
...changing its optical properties irreversibly. Re-writeable discs are relatively similar to write-once discs, however they do not have a dye layer but a layer of a special metal alloy. During writing, the laser changes the phase of the alloy from the crystalline to the amorphous state, changing its reflectivity. To erase the information, the amorphous region is recrystallised. This is achieved by means of carefully controlled laser pulses which control the heating and cooling phases. Some re-writ...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Rigid, Tough and Glossy all at Once
...triment of another characteristic. A newly-developed polystyrene technology platform now makes it possible to combine the properties in a balanced manner which was previously impossible with high-impact polystyrene resins. The familiar material of crystal-clear polystyrene (general-purpose PS - GPPS) is a transparent polymer which offers good optical properties in combination with high modulus, high tensile strength and good processability. It is, however, brittle by nature. This brittleness, ...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Risk Assessment: Nickel and Chromium Rutile Yellow – Pigment Class with Low Risk
...t of the rutile lattice and no longer exist as an individual chemical species. The pigments are completely different chemical compounds, whose properties are determined mainly by the host rutile (titanium dioxide) lattice. Fig.2 shows the crystal structure of rutile pigments. Nickel rutile yellow (C.I. Pigment Yellow 53, Fig.3) is a lemon-yellow pigment in which the rutile lattice contains an average of 81% titanium dioxide plus 2 to 5% nickel (II) and 9 to 12% antimony (V) ions. Chromium rutile...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Roofs of Light
...sed with solid sheets, corrugated sheets or multiwall sheets (manufacturer: Makroform GmbH) of polycarbonate (grade: Makrolon, manufacturer: Bayer AG) in a wide variety of geometries, and to custom sizes if required. The sheets may be colourless and crystal clear, coloured and transparent or translucent or opaque, as required by customers. In general all sheets for exterior applications are provided with a UV-absorbent protective coating. The UV absorber protects the polycarbonate for years agai...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Silicone Bonds
... seals, in particular. The silicone spray-on technique is also opening up new perspectives in the decoration field. Silicone elements that can be readily matched to the geometry of the substrate in optical and functional terms can be injected on to crystal clear materials irrespective of any wall thickness differences. This facilitates the production of articles with soft-touch properties. Components that can be used in conjunction with silicone for bonding purposes include PA, polyester, PBT, P...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Software: Real-time Production Monitoring System
... The final component is reporting. Production figures, reject rates, efficiencies and much more can be analysed and recorded by date, machine, group and shift. Reporting in MMS/Production Monitoring relies on a program of Crystal Reports. Moldflow provides the templates for Crystal to generate a wide variety of standard reports but any user can modify these or create entirely new templates to derive an almost infinite variety of custom reports. Everything is in a common database, everything is t...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Solder-resistant PBT
...ndently of each other. However, depending on the soldering process, they must be able to withstand temperatures of up to 400°C in the short term. Established materials that satisfy these requirements are high-temperature polymers such as liquid crystal polymers (LCP), polyether imide (PEI), polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and polyphenylene sulphide (PPS). However, HT moulding compounds are significantly more expensive than the polybutadiene terephthalate moulding compounds (PBT) normally used ...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Stepping into the Breach
...While copolyester-based sheets have been available for a long time now, since recently they have been marketed under the name of Spectar by Barlo Plastics as part of a strategic alliance in Europe. New on the market since April this year is a liquid crystal polymer called Titan. It is superior to previous LCPs in terms of such critical properties as heat resistance, warp and knit-line strength, and viscosity. Preferred applications are in electrical engineering, electronics, and medical engineer...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Styrene Copolymers: Both Tough and Transparent
Packaging Both Tough and Transparent Styrene Copolymers. Interest in transparent materials is growing and demand for crystal-clear, brilliant products is exceptionally high. An important application segment for these materials is food packaging. Styrene-butadiene (SBS) block copolymers have been established in this market for 20 years. Nevertheless, they still have potential for innovation and can be continually improved. Daniel Wagner A combination of high transparency and brilliance with goo...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Styrene Polymers
...er units - whether they are non-polar such as butadiene or polar such as acrylonitrile - is the outstanding property of this monomer and therefore the reason for the many possible styrene polymer structures (Fig. 1). While standard products such as crystal polystyrene or impact polystyrene can be produced by varying the polymerisation mechanism, it is also possible through the use of suitable catalysts to obtain so-called "syndiotactic"" polystyrene grades. These products are charact...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Thermal Properties: Application-specific Thermal Conductivity
...t were used for theoretical calculations in the framework of this research. Anisotropy directions are determined by the tensor of the thermal conductivity (λ11, λ22, λ33), where λ33 is parallel to the optical c-axis of the crystal; the c-axis lies in a plane, defined either by λ11 and λ22 or by the components of the heat capacity normal or parallel to the direction with the greatest heat capacity (I, ||) ) Table 2. Thermal diffusivity of magnetite-filled polypropyle...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Tooling Technology and Mould-making: Trends in Mould-making
...ts include plastics processing, rheology and mould making. Fig. 1. New technologies and their state of development in injection moulding Fig. 2. Lubricant-free mould used to ensure crystal-clear transparency Fig. 3. Distribution of tasks in mould making Konturgebende Teile = Contour-forming parts; Formaufbau = Mould construction; Arbeiten am Formaufbau = Work on mould construction; Sonstiges = Others Fig. 4. Standardised split mould from the standards manufacture Fig. 5. Index-platen cont...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Trends in Automotive Headlamps
...ng to different designs, heat deflection temperature, mechanical strength and, in particular, surface quality of the parts. Thanks to the optimised light efficiency of free-form headlamps, their glasses can usually be designed without ribs. Hence, crystal-clear headlamp glasses of polycarbonate (PC) or glass are now used. This has further increased the surface requirements on the visible elements such as the reflector and bezel (Figures1A and B). Where possible, old established materials such as...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Trends in Bio-materials: The Signs are Set for Growth
...esters, Mater Bi grades have recently contained polymers based on vegetable oil from Novamont’s own production. New polymers are set to extend the available product range in the future. The Australian company, Plantic Technologies, produces crystal-clear, starch-based packaging trays that dissolve in water. The confectionery manufacturer Cadbury Schweppes has been using this technology since 2003 and is currently testing the waters for a pan-European launch. Cargill-Dow is working at full speed ...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Trends in Flat Film Extrusion
... system with remote visualization and remote maintenance. Integrated documentation and order data management allows up to 1000 orders to be processed. Breyer GmbH Maschinenfabrik, Singen/Germany, is known as a specialist for extrusion lines for crystal-clear semi-finished products. The polishing stack is particularly important in their manufacture. Breyer's polishing stacks therefore have rolls that traverse to adapt to the product to be processed. Accordingly, Breyer has developed an automa...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Trends in Injection Moulding: Specialists Increasingly in Demand
...ead to the widespread substitution of plastics for more and more glass products. The use of glass in medical technology leads on to another area ahead of injection moulding, namely cleanroom production. In cleanrooms, optical data carriers, crystal-clear displays for mobile phones and photographic lenses are produced under low-dust or dust-free conditions. There is quite likely to be a medium-term rise in the number of electric motors used in these areas as more powerful motors and self-suffic...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Trends to Watch: Roof Systems: Innovation Generates New Momentum
...convertible drivers is now also being made possible by auto designers for the occupants of classic sedans: an unobstructed view of the sky. These large glass surfaces sometimes even incorporate solar cells or light-regulating liquid-crystal films. With the new glass roofs, the classic sliding sunroof is being redefined. It must be borne in mind, however, that the open roofs of today share only the basic idea behind the sunroof of yesteryear. Often the large glass surfaces serve not only ventilat...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Unhindered Growth: Cyclic Olefin Copolymers (COC)
...for stand-up pouches, COC improves barrier properties, rigidity and controlled tear behaviour Fig. 1. COC not only offers many different technical properties but also has an attractive appearance. Under the name Crystal Dew, small beads are supplied to the market as decorative material Fig. 2. F-theta lenses for scanners and printers are a new application for COC Fig. 3. With higher fracture resistance than glass, COC vials and ampoules provide optimum protection for valuable pharmaceuticals ...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-21, Welding Crosslinked Polyethylene
...t be released from the aggregate. However, it does not measure the frequency of covalent links between the chains. The molecular chains have a covalent bond to the adjacent chain on about every 200th C atom [9, 10]. The chain segments in between can crystallize. The melting of these crystallites can be seen in Fig. 1 by the translucent state (as a result of the crosslinking, the pipe remains dimensionally stable above the crystallite melting point). DSC measurement shows a clear melt peak. More ...

Kunststoffe international, 2005-11-30, Nanoscale NIR Absorbers: 3D Laser Subsurface Engraving
...echnical applications. It can also produce articles that amuse or entertain. For example, gift shops now stock glass objects containing attractive motifs engraved in three dimensions. This is made possible by a new process employing nanoparticles in crystal clear polymers. Wilhelm Wolff Laser technology has now reached a state of development making it ideal for a number of different purposes. The radiation sources now available can supply the appropriate wavelengths and powers for many machinin...

Kunststoffe international, 2006-01-15, State-of-the-Art and Perspectives: Laser Beam Processing of Polymers
Laser Laser Beam Processing of Polymers State-of-the-Art and Perspectives. From creating nanostructures on surfaces to assembling large lightweight parts, laser beams find use as flexible tools in polymer part manufacturing – new processing techniques that employ highly functional polymers are expanding the field of application for laser technology continually. Arnold Gillner With the possibilities it offers for welding, cutting and modification, the laser technology available today covers a...

Kunststoffe international, 2006-02-06, News
...ation at the end of 2006, Degussa and Forhouse will contribute a significant share of the high-quality lighting modules known as backlight units to the rapidly expanding global market for TFT-LCD (Thin-Film-Transistor Liquid-Crystal Display) flat panel displays. Ciba Cooperation with Bio-Gate Ciba Specialty Chemicals of Basel/ Switzerland has formed a worldwide marketing cooperation with Bio-Gate Bioinnovative Materials GmbH, of Nuremberg/Germany. BioGate has developed a silver-based technolog...

Kunststoffe international, 2006-02-23, Silicone Elastomers: An Attractive Alternative
...ully automated two-component injection moulding process Fig. 6. Fluorinated liquid silicone rubber O-rings have much better resistance to engine oils and high temperatures than conventional gaskets Fig. 7: Geniomer pellet stock with crystal clarity and high tensile stress. Thermoplastic silicone elastomers combine the major advantages of silicones with the features of thermoplastic polymers Silicone Elastomers Silicones (polyorganosiloxanes) are synthetic polymers comprising a silicon-oxygen ...

Kunststoffe international, 2006-03-29, Semi-finished Products: More Freedom for Designers
...t resistance with outstanding forming characteristics. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and glycol modified polyethylene terephthalate (PET-G) are often being confused, but the differences between both materials are quite fundamental. PET is a semi-crystalline material that crystallises on heating and loses its transparency through the crystallisation. PET-G, on the other hand, is an amorphous co-polyester that will not crystallise after heating, or any other processing methods. Thus PET-G shee...

Kunststoffe international, 2006-05-10, News
...ufacturing packaging for medical products. Newly founded in January 2006 with headquarters in Frankfurt/Germany and Florence/USA, the company is continuing the cycloolefin copolymer business of Celanese/Ticona. Cycloolefin copolymers (COC) are crystal-clear, amorphous materials based on cyclic and linear olefins, and are marketed by TAP under the brand name Topas. The consultancy Frost & Sullivan presents the Technology Leadership Award each year to a company demonstrating exceptional performa...

Kunststoffe international, 2006-05-24, Chromogenic Plastics: Thermally Switchable Polymers Open up New Fields of Application
...nt of organic colour systems with controllable properties comes in. Figure 2 shows a polymer film with a switching temperature of 36°C. Many organic thermochromic systems are already on the market. These are mostly based on liquid crystal systems or screen-print-coloured paper labels. Their use is therefore restricted to small formats (labels, toys) with a short service life. These materials are not extrudable. Integrated thermochromic coloration of large mouldings or films has not so far been s...

Kunststoffe international, 2006-07-31, UV Protective Coatings: A Clear Thing?
...onal test methods predict. This offers substantial savings potential for users. Transparent polymers, such as polycarbonate, are increasingly stealing more application areas away from the brittle material glass (title picture). The success of the crystal-clear polymer in domains that were hitherto the preserve of glass is admittedly a parallel development in the evolution of intelligent technologies, which cancel two primary disadvantages of many transparent polymers: their lower abrasion resis...

Kunststoffe international, 2006-08-06, High-performance Polyamides: Transparency for all Occasions
...a Within the polyamide family, amorphous polyamides, due to their transparency, hold a special position. The transparency results from the structure of the monomers used. Special, e.g. asymmetric building blocks in the polymer chain hinder or weaken crystallisation. This make the polymers crystal clear in comparison to semi-crystalline polyamides, such as PA 6 or PA 66. Amorphous polyamides include both homopolymers and copolymers. The resultant properties of the polyamide materials can be contr...

Kunststoffe international, 2006-09-05, MDO Technology: Defined Stretching
...eathable hygienic film, stretch films and tape applications. Optimised Film Properties by Orientation Monoaxial stretching in the machine direction (machine direction orientation, or MDO for short) has long been carried out on roll systems. For semicrystalline polymers such as PE and PP, the stretching process is carried out just below the melting range. The morphology of the polymer is changed significantly (orientation of the crystallites and molecular chains, breaking open of crystal structu...

Kunststoffe international, 2006-10-30, Material Development: Polycarbonate Lenses for LED Lighting
...nt – they consume less energy - as well as to offer longer life (and lower maintenance costs) than filament- and discharge lamps. For this reason, they are expected to be used in a wide range of applications, for instance in street lights, liquid crystal displays, advertising boards and automotive forward lighting, as well as in building lighting. LEDs emit diffuse light of relatively low luminance. For this reason, they have to be equipped with lenses that focus light in an optimal manner and ...

Kunststoffe international, 2006-12-06, Metal Replacement: Liquid Crystal Polymer in Springform Baking Pan
High Performance Plastics Liquid Crystal Polymer in Springform Baking Pan Metal Replacement. In the 1980s, high-performance plastics such as liquid crystal polymers (LCP) were seen as the future of polymer materials. Today, because of their good flow properties and other advantages, LCP are used primarily for small, thin-walled precision parts in electronic applications. To extend use of the versatile property profile offered by these materials, innovations with LCP are also being systematically...

Kunststoffe international, 2006-12-06, Polyetheretherketone: Material Advantages in Semiconductor Production
...s. In this regard, it is possible to analyse and quantify the importance of choosing suitable materials to make such key semiconductor manufacturing components as CMP rings (CMP: Chemical Mechanical Polishing; Title photo), LCD carriers (LCD: Liquid Crystal Display), FOUPs (Front Opening Unified Pods; Fig.2), wafer carriers, wafer effectors, wafer wands, equipment components, dry and wet etch parts, and IC transport/testing (high heat matrix trays and IC test sockets). As semiconductor processor...

Kunststoffe international, 2007-01-22, System Solutions for the Automotive Industry
...was manufactured to demonstrate the advantages of this technology, namely a small machine footprint, dimensional stability of the parts produced and parallelism. In the injection-compression process, almost completely stress-free, large-area crystal clear parts were produced. The other system highlighted QTI’s efficiency for producing multicomponent applications, such as an instrument panel with a side-gated surface made from a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE). This application posed the major chal...

Kunststoffe international, 2007-03-15, Promoting Innovations with a Focus
... Technologies segment of the Polycarbonates Business Unit. A particularly bright future is predicted for LEDs that emit white light. In future, they are expected to be used in a wide range of applications, for example in street lamps, liquid-crystal displays, advertising boards, automotive headlights and building illumination. Their main advantages over incandescent bulbs and discharge lamps are that they consume less energy and have a longer service life. Lenses with free-form surfaces that hav...

Kunststoffe international, 2007-04-17, Higher Performance, Lower Weight
...the event of tensile loading (Table 1). Polyamide (PA) or polyethylene terephthalate (PET) which are familiar textile fibres have only moderate properties, despite a high stretching degree in the longitudinal direction, since their degree of crystallinity and orientation is relatively low. On the contrary, the molecular structure of the aramide fibre is very high in the longitudinal fibre direction on account of the rigid, rod-like molecular chains, and its degree of crystallinity is almost 100%...

Kunststoffe international, 2007-04-17, Regrind for Swiss Precision
... 60 million plastic parts per year on ten injection moulding machines. (Fig.1). The smallest parts weigh 0.00025g and the diameter is of the order of 0.8 to 30mm. The materials used are high-quality, and therefore expensive, plastics such as liquid crystal polymer (LCP), polyphenylene oxide (PPO), polyoxymethylene (POM) and acrylonitrile/ butadiene/styrene copolymer (ABS), which are filled with up to 30% glass spheres to increase the mechanical strength. Against the background that over 90% of t...

Kunststoffe international, 2007-05-14, Beyond the Sound Barrier
... 35 and 70kHz. In addition to stand-alone devices the Swiss company also manufactures hand-held welding devices and components for system integration. The generators deliver up to 3kW. This energy is transformed in the converter by a piezoelectric crystal into oscillations, mechanically amplified by a booster and transmitted via the sonotrode onto the part to be welded. Welding tools are additionally developed and produced according to customer requirements so that customers can be supplied with...

Kunststoffe international, 2007-05-14, The Terahertz View
...Pulsed spectrometers can make internal structures such as fibre orientations visible. This knowledge is especially important when reinforced plastics are employed as structural components. For instance, the rod-shaped molecular chains of liquid crystal polymers (LCP) can become oriented in parallel in the melt. The resultant mesomorphic regions lead to a fibril structure that acts as reinforcement without adding fibres. The alignment of the fibrils has a significant impact on mechanical properti...

Kunststoffe international, 2007-06-18, Compatibility of Polylactic Acid with MaterBi
...ocessing properties of the polylactic acid can be modified in various ways by specifying a certain isomer (D- or L-lactic acid), isomer ratio or by targeted copolymerisation with other hydroxy acids. PLA made from pure D- or L-lactic acid, is semi-crystalline. As the proportion of the other monomer increases, the degree of crystallisation decreases until, at a 50/50 mixture of both isomers, no more crystalline structures are present. This has consequences for the mechanical and thermal properti...

Kunststoffe international, 2007-06-18, Improving Product Properties by Cutting Back on Material
...f filler in the compound is determined by thermogravimetry. Comparison of Two Fillers ACC was converted to dried amorphous calcium carbonate (DACC, see Fig. 1) by drying it for six hours at 200°C in a vacuum oven. In the course of drying partial crystallisation to form calcite took place. In doing so the spherical morphology of the calcium carbonate was retained. The specific surface area, however, increased from 2 to 12m2/g. A conventional PCC (grade: Precarb 400, manufacturer: Schaefer Kalk ...

Kunststoffe international, 2007-10-21, Liquid Crystal Polymers (LCPs)
Liquid Crystal Polymers (LCPs) Demand Exceeds Capacity (Trade-fair-pre-report K 2007) When LCPs were introduced in the mid-1980s, sales were tied to the fortunes of the electrical and electronics sector. The economy nosedived in 2002, but the global market recovered from 2003 on, and has grown strongly ever since. Demand for the polymer is now estimated to be greater than capacity, not least because new application areas are being found for it. Jörg Schottek Chemically, liquid crystal poly...

Kunststoffe international, 2007-10-21, Perfect Eyes
... differentiation into light and dark defects, along with the defect size, were enough for the film and sheet manufacturers to obtain indicators about the causes of the defect. Today, they demand precise defect detection, which requires crystal clear images, along with a classification system which describes the defects exactly. Smash does not only inspect for the typical defects such as gel, fisheye, scratches, burn marks, condensation drops, insects, die defects, double-layered film, angle or ...

Kunststoffe international, 2007-10-21, Polycarbonate (PC) and Polycarbonate Blends
...ability but also lower water absorption than polyacrylate. Lighting Engineering: LED Focusing Optics In a few years time LEDs will undergo a wide-ranging market breakthrough and find applications, for example in street lighting, liquid crystal displays, advertising billboards and also in building illumination. PC has good prospects of replacing glass in the production of LED focusing optics (Fig. 9) – not only on account of its transparency and light transmittance which already ensure it a sec...

Kunststoffe international, 2007-10-21, Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)
...novative markets such as in automotive construction, optics, telecommunication, medical technology as well as building and lamp industry. Being an extraordinarily resistant material, PMMA benefits from factors such as the booming liquid crystal display (LCD) technologies, from challenges in automotive design and light-weight constructions, as well as high demands of state-of-the art light-concepts. Without PMMA molding batches, many technical innovations and applications of creative design would...

Kunststoffe international, 2007-10-21, Window for the Loading Door
...starts at the two-component reversing plate machine (Krauss Maffei) with a clamping force of 9,000kN. In one mold half, the viewing window for the washing machine door, which measures 480mm in diameter, is injection compression molded from crystal-clear polycarbonate, while in the other mold half a circumferential edge is overmolded onto it from a gray-colored component (PC+ABS). "The part almost looks like a large transparent Frisbee," explains Gerhard Fried. The art lies mainly in comb...

Kunststoffe international, 2007-11-21, A Shining Example
...D temperature has considerable influence on possible overheating or reduction of luminous flux (Fig.2). The efficiency of an LED is thus increased by feeding it with constant syntonic current and at the same time keeping the semi-conductor crystal as cool as possible. That is why taking electronic measures upstream and positioning the chip for heat dissipation are extremely important for good efficiency and long LED life. Important issues in the configuration and production of optical systems wi...

Kunststoffe international, 2008-02-17, New Thermoplastic Powder for Selective Laser Sintering
...ess – whose potential goes far beyond pure prototype manufacturing – it is essential to expand the range of usable materials. A prerequisite for SLS processing is that the material is available in the form of a fine powder. So far, partially crystalline PA12 was mainly used for mechanically highly stressed plastic components. Although other thermoplastic materials such as polystyrene (PS) or polycarbonate (PC) are available as powders, the results are highly porous components with poor mechanica...

Kunststoffe international, 2008-04-14, Safety Has Priority
...not suitable. On the other hand, is withstands alpha and gamma radiation as well as ethylene oxide. In the near future, BASF will expand its healthcare and diagnostics product line even further: Luran HD, an SAN from BASF, is expected to become a crystal clear and chemical-resistant alternative to many of the PMMA grades currently used for medical devices. First Engineering Plastic with an HD Profile In contrast to the amorphous resins Terluran HD and Terlux HD, which are employed primarily as...

Kunststoffe international, 2008-05-10, Chalk as a Filler – Effect on Weathering Behavior
...le to detect the formation of oxalate bands by FTIR but the process of oxalate formation was much slower and weaker. In addition to the standard measurements of the change in L a b values and gloss, infrared spectroscopy (FTIR with an ATR crystal) was also used. As Fig. 2 shows, the test specimens were severely degraded and in some cases displayed a brown discoloration after 4,000h in the QUVA test. The surfaces also exhibited cracks and holes in the brown area. The measuring points were theref...

Kunststoffe international, 2008-06-16, Sensor-Equipped Automobile "Thinks" Along with Driver
...For instance, using two 24-GHz radar sensors, the lane-change assistance system from Hella KGaA, Lippstadt, Germany, is able to detect other motorists behind and next to an automobile and warn the driver in advance. A cover made from the liquid crystal polymer Vectra (Fig.1) protects the sensitive sensors and helps these electronic aids function reliably. After processing, the liquid crystal polymer is dimensionally stable and resists warping. As a consequence, the radar beams that are so import...

Kunststoffe international, 2008-08-14, Tailor-made Suit for a New Packaging Idea
...of raw materials and thus simplify the procurement situation of a company. Thus for example a new packaging concept could be realized with a low-cost high-density polyethylene (PE-HD) modified using a tailor-made masterbatch. The increase in crystallinity of the polymer was in the foreground. Handle Instead of Shrink-wrap GRIPacks Systems GmbH, Gummersbach, Germany, was faced with the challenge of developing an alternative secondary package for the then current multi-pack solutions for t...

Kunststoffe international, 2008-09-23, Metal Needs Plastic
...y. The same applies to the plastics that come into consideration. It appears that the trend is increasingly towards higher quality materials, starting with modified polyoxymethylene (POM), via conductive polyamide, to self-reinforcing liquid crystal polymer (LCP) and polyetheretherketone (PEEK). The only company in Europe that works exclusively on producing outsert parts and offers the entire bandwidth of outsert technology as a service is TB&C Outsert Center. At its ...

Kunststoffe international, 2008-09-23, Tailor-Made for Complex Applications
...ection system. Such components previously consisted of three hard-to-assemble die- component parts. After total redesigning, it is now produced as an outsert part in a two-component mold by encapsulating two metal circuit boards with LCP (Liquid Crystal Polymer). In cooperation with the materials manufacturer, Günther has developed a two-component hot runner system specifically for this application. When configuring the system, they took into account the fact that, due to the liqu...

Kunststoffe international, 2008-09-23, The Energy Crisis is Playing into our Hands
...e thing: KraussMaffei is a full range supplier and when we have a conversion wave in the small machine market worldwide, when the trend is going away from hydraulic towards electric machines then we have to service this entire field – that is crystal clear. The conversion to electric machines is in full swing. The market share for electric machines in the small machine sector in Japan is reaching the 60 percent level and has been over 30 percent in the USA for a long time. Europe is laggi...

Kunststoffe international, 2008-09-23, Withstanding the Heat
... between 250 and 260°C. In order to suit application for LED carriers, materials should be white, so as to absorb as little light as possible. However, high-temperature thermoplastics are colored, which is a disturbing factor. LCP (Liquid Crystal Polymer) is innately yellow, making it unsuited for the purpose. At present, partly aromatic polyamides appear to be the only materials to stand a chance. Keep on Seeking the Materials This extraordinarily interesting lecture and the disc...

Kunststoffe international, 2008-10-17, Liquid Crystal Polymers (LCPs)
Liquid crystal polymers (LCPs) are present in crystalline form beyond their melting point. Only as a result of the shearing of the melt, as happens, for instance, in the cylinder of an injection molding machine, is the crystalline structure disrupted to the extent that the polymer begins to flow. The melt liquefied by shearing then has such a low viscosity that in injection molding even complex parts having low wall thicknesses can be filled in the mold without difficulty. The lamellar s...

Kunststoffe international, 2008-10-17, Polycarbonate (PC)
...r sheets for backlit flat LCD screens represent a new application for PC (Title photo). The PC sheets convert the light from special light sources into a diffuse, very uniform and evenly spread light, and transmit it loss-free to the liquid crystal display. Together with well-known Asian manufacturers of such components, Bayer MaterialScience has developed special, custom-formulated PC grades that offer better optical characteristics than PMMA. The diffusor sheets manufactured from thes...

Kunststoffe international, 2008-10-17, Polystyrene (PS)
...% lower due to the lower density; in addition, the polystyrene, unlike PET, does not need to be predried. Cycle times are shorter and production as a whole is less energy intensive. A further novel application comes from Asia: the diffusion panel of crystal-clear polystyrene for flat-screen displays. These panels used to be made of polycarbonate or PMMA; now PS-GP is used for reasons of cost. SBS: SBS block copolymers are produced by the targeted incorporation of butadiene into polystyrene. Beca...

Kunststoffe international, 2008-10-17, Styrene Copolymers (ABS, ASA, SAN, MABS)
...ene in the case of ACS. An attractive and versatile application for SAN is the overmolding of parts with a transparent SAN cover layer to provide brilliant surfaces with a depth effect. This is suitably done with a UV-stabilized SAN grade (Luran Crystal Clear), which is easy to process and offers an economic alternative to PMMA and PC. Typical applications are household appliances, telephone housings, panels of large appliances and the like. Increasing a material’s functionality a...

Kunststoffe international, 2009-04-16, All Systems Go for White Light
...experience strong growth. They use less energy than incandescent or gas discharge lamps and have a much longer service life. They have great application potential for example in street lighting, building illumination, advertising displays and liquid crystal displays. Automobile lighting already uses LEDs. For example the headlamps of some Toyota Lexus LS600h and Audi R8 models are already equipped with them. This new technology has also made its way into rear and interior vehicle lighting system...

Kunststoffe international, 2009-04-16, CMOS Technology Gaining Ground
...conventional silicon electronics, transistors are required for the construction of integrated organic circuits. In silicon electronics, p-and/or n-doped silicon is used as a semiconductor, i.e. impurities are deliberately implanted into the silicon crystal during production to control conductivity. If some silicon atoms (4 valence electrons) are replaced by atoms in Group III of the periodic table (3 electrons in the outer shell, e.g. gallium or indium), then electron vacancies are created. If S...

Kunststoffe international, 2009-04-16, Eco-friendly – for Safety’s Sake
...viated WEEE, and its legal implementation in Germany, the Electrical and Electronic Device Law (ElektroG), to take back and dispose of such devices in an environmentally acceptable manner, recycling has gained in importance. The liquid crystal polymer Vectra LCP satisfies both the WEEE-/ElektroG standards as well as the requirements of the American “Underwriters Laboratories” (UL94 V-0), which tests products for product safety in accordance with applicable US requirements. Products identified wi...

Kunststoffe international, 2009-04-16, We Still Manufacture Real Values
...ization in the second half: “We are convinced that, due to its great innovation potential and pioneering products, the plastics processing industry will ride out this crisis.” But you don’t have to look into the crystal ball to know that 2009 will be another turbulent year.

Kunststoffe international, 2009-10-14, A Fascinating Foray
... case. Mere passive acceptance of the temperature curve is certainly not adequate to meet the different functions optimally: low flow resistance during injection and an adequate time-temperature level for crystallite formation, but rapid heat removal as well to reduce the cycle time. There are consequently ever more proposals for variotherm operation, though this can only be implemented economically if the mold design is oriented to it. That applies particularly to the demand for the lowest poss...

Kunststoffe international, 2009-11-19, As Clear as Glass
...-chamber geometry can be selected according to the actual application, in order to achieve optimum part quality. Product range includes nozzle tips for easy-to-process standard plastics, but also specific tips for critical plastics. Insulation for Crystal-clear Applications The nozzle tip applied in the MCN-I model variant designed for transparent plastics is equipped with a ceramic isolator to thermally insulate it from the mold. This makes mold filling very good. In particular, if crystal-clea...

Kunststoffe international, 2010-03-17, Materials for Pipes – Meeting Changing Requirements
...st extruded from this polyolefin by the Chemische Werke Hüls, Germany. In 1968, Mobil Oil in the USA also began production. Polybutylene-1 exhibits one peculiarity: when crystallizing from the melt, a tetragonal crystal structure forms. In this modification, the material is rubbery and can be easily deformed, i.e. easily extruded. Then, depending on the pressure, temperature, orientation and other factors, recrystallization into a twin hexagonal crystal structure occurs. At normal pressure and r...

Kunststoffe international, 2010-04-20, Future Technologies for Mechatronic Products
...[5 to 7] PA6/6T (partially aromatic polyamide): Ultramid T4381 LDS (BASF, Ludwigshafen, Germany), (PET+PBT) blend (polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate): Pocan DP T 7140 LDS (Lanxess, Leverkusen, Germany), and LCP (liquid crystal polymer): Vectra E840i LDS (Ticona, Kelsterbach, Germany). Apart from these, other materials exist for the LPKF-LDS process, which cannot be used for the usual soldering processes employed in electronic manufacturing because of their thermal resistance...

Kunststoffe international, 2010-04-20, Square Meters in CD Quality
...air filters) with a removal efficiency of 99.995 % for a particle size < 0.3 µm. This definitively eliminates any risk of contamination during drying or conveying. One challenge of this pilot plant was to dry and convey a crystal clear as well as a black pellet stock for the two-component injection molding machine. As a special feature of a pilot plant, these tasks are performed by a centralized dry-air generator. Here, too, contamination is prevented by the use of filters. In a production li...

Kunststoffe international, 2010-07-22, Handrail with Modular Design
... tensile loading of phenyl rings, a shift of the Raman frequency was observed at 1,610 cm-1 ±1 cm-1. This effect is suitable for examining aramide fibers. The Raman frequency shift is caused by crystal rotation and elongation [13]. Suitable for the examination of aramide fibers is a HeNe laser as monochrome light source with a wavelength of 632.8 nm. Figure 5 shows the experimental setup for recording the Raman spectrum. Shown in Figure 6 are the Raman spectra of an aramide fiber and the TPU mat...

Kunststoffe international, 2010-08-19, Properties Made to Measure
... shown in Tables 2 and 3 prove that high-performance fillers open up many possibilities for the design of polyamide compound properties, and provide a solid basis for the manufacture of high-grade compounds for a wide range of end applications. Crystal Structure Must Be Maintained The full mechanical benefits of needle-shaped wollastonite and platelet-shaped kaolin and mica products can only be utilized fully, if the wollastonite needles and the kaolin and mica platelets are maintained during pr...

Kunststoffe international, 2010-09-24, A Motley Range of Innovations
...by up to 15 %. Where PP is processed in a temperature range of 240 to 260°C, this can be reduced to about 200°C with Millad NX8000. That cuts energy consumption by 15 to 20 %. A PP treated in this way can match the transparency of other “crystal-clear” polymers, and even glass (Fig. 7). The new Millad NX8500E is specially designed for extrusion blow molding bottles that must have high transparency and excellent gloss. In addition to the degree of clarity feasible with Millad NX8000, the ClearTin...

Kunststoffe international, 2010-09-24, Color Takes on a Functional Role
...profiles are optimized, individual properties specifically improved and manufacturing processes streamlined. The real know-how of the pigment manufacturer begins beyond the chemistry and is found in the finishing and refinement of the products. With crystallization processes, grinding or coating of the pigments, characteristics such as warping behavior, dispersibility, transparency or fastness properties can be adjusted. Color and application profiles of a pigment cannot be separated. The art is...

Kunststoffe international, 2010-09-24, Elastic Diversity
...ymerization of ethylene-propylene rubbers, an impact modifier can be obtained that improves, for example, the lowtemperature properties of thermoplastics or the adhesion of rubber to coated woven fabrics. Hall 6, booth C76 Teknor Apex Crystal-clear Compounds The elastomer compounds in the Medalist MD 500 range from Teknor Apex UK Ltd, Oldbury, West Midlands, UK, are supplied to processors as crystal-clear pellets. The mechanical properties of these compounds for medical products are comparable w...

Kunststoffe international, 2010-09-24, Facilitating Technical Life
...ers (COC). At the company”s booth, visitors will learn about the latest technologies and applications for overmolding and in the field of health care. The new development, a thermoplastic polyester elastomer, combines the crystal clear optics of the COC with the flexibility of an elastomer. Typical applications include transparent pharmaceutical containers, pre-filled syringes, operating instruments, diagnostic supplies and blister packs. Hall 8A, booth C28 DSM Engineering Plastics Nature as a R...

Kunststoffe international, 2010-11-25, The Long View
...nology of Ulvac GmbH, Garching, Germany. The vacuum systems offer a high coating rate and a continuous process – even for complex parts of different size. Plasma coating confers high weathering and abrasion resistance combined with crystal-clear optics. New Concepts Require more Design Freedom Polycarbonate’s ability to lower the weight of large glazing elements renders it ideal for lighter and more economical vehicle solutions with lower CO2 emissions. Several car makers have recently turned to...

Kunststoffe international, 2011-01-25, Two Old Hands Stroll through the Fair
... of material, process, mold, and plant technology. Either to create surfaces with a piano lacquer finish or to transfer the lacquering process into the closed injection mold (for a color spectrum ranging from crystal clear to piano black, with individual layer thicknesses). Accordingly, several production-related manufacturing systems were exhibited at the fair, such as the overmolding of a film-decorated molding with a PU mix (Fig. 3) shown by Engel Austria GmbH of Schwertberg, Austria. Kraus...

Kunststoffe international, 2011-04-25, Alternating Temperature Technology Controls Parts Properties
...rocessors [1, 2]. Essentially, the mold wall is heated prior to injection – this has a beneficial effect on the resultant morphology in the part, particularly in the boundary layer. In the ideal case, the temperature is raised near to or above the crystallization temperature of the polymer. Targeted morphology formation of the polymer benefits both the mechanical [3] and the tribological properties [4]. Dynamic Process Control Mold-filling at elevated wall temperatures confers a number of advant...

Kunststoffe international, 2011-05-12, From Glass-Blowing to Blow Molding
...xtrusion tank blow molding installation with robots supplying parisons for the stationary blow molds Fig. 7. Low-waste, three-dimensionally curved tubes, made by 3-D blow molding Fig. 8. Water bottles made of crystal-clear polypropylene NX 8000 THE AUTHOR DR.-ING. MICHAEL THIELEN, born in 1961, is the proprietor of Polymediaconsult, a PR service company in Mönchengladbach, Germany.

Kunststoffe international, 2011-08-24, High Transparency for Challenging Applications
Within the class of polyamides (PA), amorphous polyamides are characterized by their transparency and dimensional stability. The transparency is achieved by the use of “bulky” monomers, which prevent crystallization in the material. This makes the polymers crystal clear in comparison to familiar semi-crystalline polyamides, such as PA6 or PA66. Amorphous polyamides include both homo- and copolyamides. The properties of the polyamide materials can be controlled and adjusted for a particular purpo...

Kunststoffe international, 2011-08-24, Looking for the Right Polymer
...selectively creates firmly-adhering circuitry on the activated surface. The polymer used must therefore be tailored exactly to the LDS method. The Three Candidates Electronic components are commonly made from polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), liquid crystal polymer (LCP) or polyphthalamide (PPA). These can differ widely in their properties, a fact which can significantly influence the potential applications of the components. PBT is an engineering polymer whereas LCP and PPA are high-performance...

Kunststoffe international, 2011-09-23, Fast Systems for Lighter Automobiles
...anical stresses are removed, and the chemical reaction of the component is completed (Fig. 3). Frequently, this also improves important characteristics such as glass transition temperature or strength, because optimum network and crystal structures are formed. So far, RTM components have only been used in very small series, e.g. as carbon fiber roof for the BMW M3 or M6, and also in commercial vehicles as roofs, wind deflectors, or parts of the driver’s cab. Depending on component size, cycle ti...

Kunststoffe international, 2011-10-17, Liquid Crystal Polymers (LCP)
Liquid crystal polymers (LCP) represent a very unusual group among the polymers. They are basically aromatic polyesters obtained via polycondensation, yet they differ extremely from most thermoplastic resins. In contrast to other thermoplastics, the flexible polymer chains of which are usually present in the form of amorphous tangles, the rod-shaped macromolecules of LCPs align themselves parallel to one another in the direction of flow, forming a highly oriented crystalline structure in what is...

Kunststoffe international, 2011-10-17, Polyarylsulfones (PSU, PESU, PPSU)
With continuous service temperatures up to 180°C, the members of this family of materials represent the amorphous counterpart to semicrystalline high-temperature plastics, such as LCP (liquid crystal polymer), PPS (polyphenylene sulfide) and PEEK (polyether ether ketone). In addition, they offer very good dimensional stability, which is combined with a low creep tendency, and can be increased further by fiber reinforcement. Moreover, compared with the even more heat-resistant PEEK products, PSU,...

Kunststoffe international, 2011-10-17, Polypropylene (PP)
...catalysts and innovative polymerization technology. Grades such as RG466MO (MFI 30), RJ377MO (MFI 45) and most recently RJ677MO (MFI 70) combine a new dimension in taste and odor with a reduction in cycle time that is achieved through faster crystallization. Its proprietary Borealis Nucleation Technology (BNT) has been a major success factor here, as using small amounts of the high-molecular nucleating agent prevents extraction and migration [2]. Aside from thin-wall packaging, household items a...

Kunststoffe international, 2011-10-17, Styrene Copolymers (ABS, ASA, SAN, MABS, and ABS Blends)
...sistant material in domestic appliances – such as water filters, kitchen machines or refrigerator inserts. A particularly clear SAN variant that is largely free of specks and haze is offered by Styrolution in the form of Luran Crystal Clear. One application in which glass fiber-reinforced SAN is increasingly widely used are spacers in double-glazed windows. Luran 378 PG7 has a high tensile modulus and a coefficient of thermal expansion similar to that of aluminum, and can therefore increasingly ...

Kunststoffe international, 2012-06-25, A “Cool” Future
...new, high-value formal languages. Low-energy, Soft Light The interior lighting and the external light strip (ambient light) have been realized with a flexible optical waveguide made of Elastollan. The use of special aliphatic isocyanates yields crystal-clear products that dim the light only minimally. Thanks to its flexibility, Elastollan offers far greater design freedom in terms of form and color than other materials and adapts with ease to any contour. By printing reflector areas (inkjet) or ...

Kunststoffe international, 2012-07-23, System Options for Wafer-Thin Protection
...ing the melt into contact with the cooled chill roll. Because of the direct water contact, the water-quenched blown film process achieves even higher cooling rates. Due to the sudden solidification of the plastic melt in the water bath, crystalline structures are prevented from emerging. This results in extremely flexible films with a largely amorphous molecular structure. Because of the low crystallinity, the films produced by the water-quenched blown film process have excellent sealing and the...

Kunststoffe international, 2012-08-22, Integration is the Magic Word
... duo series. An Engel duo 2050/350 pico with spin stack technology was used to make center consoles with integrated functional elements. Here, the capacitative foil, which is bedded on a thermoplastic carrier, is overlaid with a crystal-clear, scratch-resistant surface of polyurethane (“clearmelt” process). The exhibit – a car cockpit with touchpad controls – already proved to be a hit at Fakuma 2011. The second machine, an Engel duo 11050H/4550M/1500 combi M, made soft-touch dashboards. This ec...

Kunststoffe international, 2012-09-17, Awards for Components and Communication
...nel by Teklas Kaucuk. It received a Grand Innovation Award sponsored by A. Schulman. The overall winner of the evening, and thus of the 2012 contest, was the decorative ambiente light stick Burg Design developed together with Schöfer: A crystal clear film from a new material combination is printed from two sides, thermoformed, contour-processed, and back-molded with a semi-transparent material, thus generating a final component. When introducing the part, Fernengel emphasized:“This is a new mate...

Kunststoffe international, 2012-09-17, Fast and Up Close to Production
...hods enable continuous and complete monitoring and documentation of color qualities. Thermochromism Thermochromism means the property of a color to change subject to temperature. This change is reversible. This behavior is due to changes in crystal or molecule structure. Thermochromism is more frequent and more pronounced in organic coloring matters, than it is in inorganic colorants. Thermochromic behavior is striking even in non-dyed basic polymers, which change their transparency when plastic...

Kunststoffe international, 2012-10-15, A Matter of Combinations that Fit
...rers this means they have to provide the materials suitable for LED technology. Evolution of illuminants is thus closely connected to enhancements in the materials that surround them. One of the materials suitable for this purpose is the crystal clear thermoplastic polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) material. In addition to excellent optical and mechanical properties, it features outstanding resistance to UV-radiation and weathering, and can easily be processed. This material’s transparency and bril...

Kunststoffe international, 2012-10-15, LED Lighting Technology in Vogue
... family for making transparent optical components such as lenses, light guides, reflectors and diffusers by injection molding and extrusion (Fig. 1, E l e c t ronics SPEC I A L Table 1). The material formulations are available in colorless, crystal-clear and slightly blue variants, of variable viscosity and UV resistance. They transmit white LED light without major losses up to 300 mm and, as often demanded by the automotive industry, withstand temperatures up to almost 120°C. Some of these mate...

Kunststoffe international, 2012-10-15, The Age of Combined Processes is Dawning
...pecial process within a combination process is what is exciting about this development. Mention will only be made here of hybrid systems that combine metals with plastics. A look into the crystal ball reveals a whole number of other developments. Hence, big injection molding machines with vertical clamping units will help lightweight construction take on greater momentum. A clamping concept of this type considerably facilitates the insertion of flexible reinforcing materials. Things will also be...

Kunststoffe international, 2012-11-26, Why 3-D Printing is Boosting Product Development
...et 260 Connex can print twice as better resolution at significantly higher speeds with a choice of over 100 materials and half the number of nozzles – all that with half the footprint area. Opaque Colors behind Crystal Clear Transparency Where appropriate the Connex line can also be used for medical applications. It allows the manufacture of precise models of body parts from transparent material with internal structures in various colors such as black, white, blue or gray so that they are visibl...

Kunststoffe international, 2013-08-19, Overcoming Complexity with Tailored Solutions
... industry. Innovative materials and technologies are required. That is why industry partners Ticona GmbH, Sulzbach, Germany, and Delo Industrial Adhesives GmbH & Co. KGaA, Windach, Germany, are now combining Vectra and Zenite LCP (liquid crystal polymer) grades with specially tailored adhesives to create new solution packages that can withstand the high temperatures of reflow soldering. These combined packages are helping the electronics industry successfully miniaturize its products. Suitab...

Kunststoffe international, 2013-08-19, The Customer Shall be King
...tes for materials such as polystyrene (PS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polycarbonate (PC). For instance, they developed the Millard NX 8000 Clarifier to replace polypropylene (PP). Using this material the processor can produce crystal clear, inexpensive packagings with a low density and improved CO2 balance (Fig. 1). To replace PP compounds in automotive applications, the synthetic reinforcing additive called Hyperform HPR-801i is presented (Fig. 2). This material enables lower filling...

Kunststoffe international, 2014-01-23, Fluorinated Oils: Going Smoothly
... at the end of the 1950ies, together with the U.S. military. They were designed as lubricants for extreme temperatures. These oils are compatible with virtually all polymers, elastomers and metals, while being noncombustible, chemically inert, crystal clear, odorless and non-migrating. Usual solvents cannot displace them. They can only be dissolved by special highly fluorinated solvents and were first applied by NASA in their Apollo mission, where they had to withstand temperatures between -70°C...

Kunststoffe international, 2014-01-23, Transparent Plastics: Minimizing Scratch Marks
...at the specimens would have as little orientation and stress as possible, all materials, with the exception of the injection-compression-molded panels, were extruded from Plexiglas 8N CoverForm. The uncoated materials were as follows: Plexiglas 8N Crystal Clear (standard PMMA with low co-acrylate content), Plexiglas XT 0A000 (high-molecular standard PMMA with high co-acrylate content), Polycarbonate (PC), Styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN), and Polystyrene (PS). The coated materials were: Plexiglas 8N ...

Kunststoffe international, 2014-04-14, Dynamic Differential Calorimetry: Using Flash DSC Technology to Verify Structural Changes
With semi-crystalline polymers, structural differences determine a product’s mechanical properties. The example of extruded tubes is used to describe how the recently developed Flash DSC technology is applied to examine the influence of individual production stages on material structures. Apart from the manufacturing conditions for semi-crystalline polymers, the processing parameters (temperature and shearing during extrusion) as well as the cooling conditions have a decisive effect on the cryst...

Kunststoffe international, 2014-05-07, Mold-Making: Reliable and Efficient Processing of COC and COP
...lefin polymers (COPs) are becoming increasingly important in the pharmaceutical industry because their specific properties are superior to those of glass. Unlike conventional polyolefins, these amorphous polymers are characterized by high purity and crystal-clear transparency. They offer excellent physical properties, such as an effective barrier to water vapor, and have particularly low levels of leachables and extractables. This property range is rounded out by good mechanical strength values ...

Kunststoffe international, 2014-07-22, Strength in Numbers
...ntal injection unit, which is equipped with a MuCell unit (Trexel), generates PET foam cores which are about 3 % lighter than normal. The preforms are allowed to cool in the second station and are then overmolded in the third station with crystal clear PET – the bottle thread is created at the same time. The preforms are removed on the fourth side of the cube after a total cycle time of 25 s.They are later blown into bottles that possess remarkable optical properties. The microcellular foam crea...

Kunststoffe international, 2014-08-19, Making Sure that Nothing Blocks
...ved between the used additives (Fig. 4).Transmittance defines the ratio between transmitted light and incident light. Its value can be reduced by absorption and reflection. Films with about 90 % transmission are considered to be crystal clear. No significant dependency was observed here, neither from the additive used nor from the dosage. The values obtained are at the same level as for films without mineral additive (Fig. 5).The amount of transmitted light is divided into directed and diffuse p...

Kunststoffe international, 2014-10-10, Liquid Crystal Polymers (LCP)
The main area of application for liquid crystal polymers has been, and still is today, electronic components. However, LCP are increasingly used for medical purposes, too, with their characteristic profile of properties making them an outstanding material for these applications. Electrical/electronicsPackagingCooking and baking utensilsGood flowability in case of thin wall thicknessDimensional accuracy Heat distortion resistance Flame-retardantExcellent barrier propertiesStiffnessStrengthOperat...

Kunststoffe international, 2014-10-10, Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA)
...ight, reversible haze at extremely high or low temperatures. With Plexiglas Resist AG 100, however, Evonik Industries AG, Darmstadt, Germany, has now developed a new PMMA molding compound specifically for automotive glazing (Fig. 2). It remains crystal-clear even when exposed to large temperature fluctuations, but is also impact-modified and meets other industry requirements, for instance, with regard to optical properties and heat deflection temperature. As a result, the new specialty molding c...

Kunststoffe international, 2014-10-10, Styrene Copolymers
...e the product portfolio has been adjusted to meet more stringent user requirements.Styrene Methyl Methacrylate (SMMA)Styrene methyl methacrylate (SMMA) combines the excellent ease of processing of styrene polymers with the high brilliance and crystal clarity of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). It finds widespread application in homeware, such as water filters, water tanks and tumblers, and is also found in optical applications and displays. Crystal clarity, excellent flow in injection molding, lo...

Kunststoffe international, 2014-11-26, Keeping a Clear View
...cular PMMA formulations. It has always been observed in all known impact-modified PMMA molding compounds.Now, a new technology has enabled Evonik to develop a new PMMA molding compound for glazing called Plexiglas Resist AG 100 that both remains crystal clear, even at extreme temperatures and is also tough. This new special-purpose molding compound is suitable for all thermoplastic processes and its property profile is optimized for the requirements of the automotive industry. Lack of haze under...

Kunststoffe international, 2015-03-17, Heating of Intermediates – How and with What?
...s switched off in park position. However the short-wave radiation of the bright radiators heats painted parts of the machine more strongly in the heating position.19) There are intermediates, mainly thin and at the same time crystal clear materials, that are very difficult to heat with bright radiators.20) The heating times are very dependent on the colors of the intermediates: White plastics require significantly longer heating times than black plastics.21) The real benefit of this radiator is ...

Kunststoffe international, 2015-07-20, Heat-Resistant and Heat-Conducting
...uctive path widths and improving thermal expansion and thermal conductivity. This focus limits the choice of polymers to polymers that are highly heat resistant. For its matrix polymer, Ensinger has chosen polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and liquid crystal polymer (LCP). LCP is characterized by very good dimensional stability and rigidity, even at very high temperatures. In addition, this high-tech polymer possesses good chemical resistance and flame retardance. Its thermal expansion is the small...

Kunststoffe international, 2015-07-20, Three-Dimensional and with a Fine Structure
...evelopment is focusing on the production of finer filler particles, heat-conducting materials or systems and qualification of alternative high-performance grades as technologically and economically interesting alternatives to the proven LCP (Liquid Crystal Polymer) grade Vectra E840i LDS from Celanese GmbH, Sulzbach, Germany. Besides thermoplastic materials, new developments in the field of injection moldable thermosets are being evaluated.The TechnologyThe potential benefit of MID technology ca...

Kunststoffe international, 2015-08-17, Exhaust Air Cross-Sections – How Large, How Many?
...r bore is closed during shaping before the intermediate is totally in contact with the mold wall. Air then remains trapped between the molding and the mold segment. Incorrectly positioned exhaust air bores on the mold surface also cause marks if crystal clear moldings are to be produced in the mold, as shown in Figure 1. This is a typical fault with positive mold segments that are employed for the production of transparent blister covers. Not only the material type being processed, but also the ...

Kunststoffe international, 2015-10-12, Less Energy for More Performance
...conferences organized by the VDI (Association of German Engineers) and the SKZ (German Plastics Center), the major raw-materials producers delivered numerous papers on new developments, particularly in the field of heat-resistant PA and crystal-clear PP. The Institute for Plastics Processing (IKV), Aachen, Germany, conducted a research project on the processing of a highly unusual material: it has devised an innovative process for blow molding containers from silicone rubber [8].ConclusionIn sum...

Kunststoffe international, 2015-10-12, Lighting with a Future
...ry little energy is required to cause the semiconductors to light up. With a side length of around 1 mm, LEDs are among the smallest available light sources. They radiate a practically punctiform light.The raw material for LEDs are semiconductor crystals that are built up on a "wafer" and are then cut into chips. The light-emitting diodes consist of a negatively conducting base semiconductor with excess electrons. This is covered by a thin, positively conducting semiconductor layer with a shorta...

Kunststoffe international, 2015-10-12, Nobel Prize for Injection Molding
...n alloy of zirconium, with fractions of Cu, Ni, Al and Ti, that has a melting point of 785 °C and solidifies largely as an eutectic. Unlike the case for thixomolding, there is no two-phase system of melt and crystal nuclei at processing temperatures of 1,100 °C. The melt of this alloy has a low viscosity and solidifies, largely uncrystallized, at rates of more than 10 K/s in molds at a temperature of 250 °C.Whatever may be said about the finer technical aspects of this alloy, the properties of t...

Kunststoffe international, 2016-02-17, Intelligently Controlled Cascade Injection Molding
...reproducible injection molding process. It is, for example, also possible to reduce the present lens thickness of a front headlamp from 3 mm to only 1.8 mm with a five-point Flexflow hot runner, without any flow lines, injection-molded from crystal-clear PC. WFig. 3. With conventional cascade injection molding, pressure fluctuations occur when switching over to the next nozzle (left); with Flexflow, a much more even pressure profile is obtained (right) (source: HRSflow)The Authors is Vice Presi...

Kunststoffe international, 2016-02-17, Managing the Smallest Melt Volumes
...DSM’s PA46 and PA4T materials approved for these applications by several manufacturers both have a Comparative Tracking Index (CTI) of Performance Level Category 0 (> 600 V), i. e. higher than many competitive materials, including liquid crystal polymers, which are normally rated just in PLC 2 (< 400 V). Further important requirements are high heat resistance for lead-free reflow soldering processes as well as compatibility with ultrasonic welding techniques.Moreover, connectors must often meet ...

Kunststoffe international, 2016-07-20, A Successful Leap
...ed this year. This is indicated by the positive year-end figures of many European plastics producers and the capacity expansions of some large manufacturers. However, making an economic prediction in May of a K year is like looking into a crystal ball, adds Ertl. Modest production growth is currently forecast for 2016. W Franziska Gründel, editor ServiceDigital VersionA PDF file of the article can be found at www.kunststoffe-international.com/1392397German VersionRead the Ger...

Kunststoffe international, 2016-07-20, The Agony of Filter Choice
...: large surface filters and screen changers. Large surface filters are used if the production process is continuous, requires little to no recipe or batch changes and where the final product requires a high purity; for example products which must be crystal clear and without visible particles. This often requires filter ratings below 50 µm and – in special cases – sometimes below 5 µm (e. g. photo films, with which boards are exposed, or DVDs with extremely high areal density). Screen changers ...

Kunststoffe international, 2016-10-17, Bioplastics
...a, and Verdezyne, Inc., Carlsbad, CA/USA, in order to expand the portfolio of monomers available for PA production (Table 1).Other Bio-Based PlasticsCustomer demand for sustainable high-performance plastics is fuelling development. The crystal clear, scratch-resistant "Durabio" synthetic material won the "Bioplastics Award" last year. This bio-based polycarbonate (PC) based on isosorbite is manufactured by a consortium consisting of the companies Roquette Frères, Lestrem, France, Mitsubishi Chem...

Kunststoffe international, 2016-10-17, Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA)
...tomotive industry. Whether for road lighting, signage, designer lights, wide-area ambient lighting or artistic light installations – LEDs now shine out everywhere. With PMMA molding compounds specially tailored to these requirements, either crystal clear covers provided with structures, or light-scattering covers can be manufactured depending on requirements. They direct the light to where it is needed. For street lights, for example, the light should brighten the roads and not the space around ...

Kunststoffe international, 2017-02-23, Where there Is Light, there Is Shadow too
...irements and solar energy input. This can lower the energy costs for heating, cooling and artificial lighting. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) has established itself as a transparent building material in the construction industry. It key benefits are crystal clear transparency, colorlessness, and good mechanical strength. Due to its chemical structure, PMMA is permanently UV-stable and has excellent weathering and aging resistance. Compared to mineral glass, PMMA is several times more break resis...

Kunststoffe international, 2017-05-22, Entering the Third Dimension with Light-Colored LDS Additives
...ation, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, has collaborated with LPKF to develop a new light-colored additive for a wide variety of polymers, such as polycarbonate-acrylonitrile butadiene styrene blends (PC+ABS), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), liquid crystal polymers (LCP), polyamide (PA), and glass-fiber-reinforced polyamide (Fig. 1, Table 1). The light-colored additive can be used in the lighting sector, for instance, or colored for other applications. Currently most of the commercially availab...

Kunststoffe international, 2017-08-21, "Wrinkles" in Plastics due to Aging
...aterial, the polymer chains are broken, and oxygen is stored in the material, for example, in the form of aldehyde, alcohol, and carboxylic acid units [2,3]. Measurements by dynamic differential calorimetry (DSC) show completely changed melting and crystallizing behavior compared to the original material. The melting peak is 8 K below the melting temperature of unaged PP: This result indicates a massive reduction in polymer chain length that could be confirmed with the aid of shear viscosity mea...

Kunststoffe international, 2017-10-13, À la Carte Input
...market which is growing. Plastic packaging for food and non-food products is gaining ground worldwide. After all, it offers very good product protection at a low weight. Aside from PE and PP sheet, PET sheet is in high demand because it not only is crystal-clear, but also has excellent mechanical properties and barrier values and is easy to process. Regardless of whether the PET sheet is used for crystal-clear, transparent packaging for food and non-food articles, for blister packs, for thermofo...

Kunststoffe international, 2017-11-29, An Attritional Rendezvous
...ir manufacturers are: Delrin (DuPont), Hostaform (Celanese), Ultraform (BASF), and Kepital (KEP). By adding PTFE, it is possible to combine its good sliding properties with the high mechanical strength of POM [1].PTFE belongs to the group of semicrystalline thermoplastics and is marketed under the trade names Algoflon (Solvay Solexis), Dyneon PTFE (Dyneon), Fluon (Asahi), Polyflon (Daikin), and Teflon (DuPont). The molecular structure permits the conclusion that internally, PTFE has a polar natu...

Kunststoffe international, 2018-03-09, Keeping a Sense of Perspective
...e material yellows due to thermal oxidation.The transparent material used most often is polycarbonate (PC), which, thanks to its high processing temperature and low melt viscosity, can faithfully reproduce microstructures, has low shrinkage and is crystal clear. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is even more transparent – though with lower impact strength.The injection molding machine manufacturer KraussMaffei has decades of experience in the manufacture of transparent PC products. Even in the 1970...

Kunststoffe international, 2018-08-14, You Buy with Your Eyes
...range of SAN and SMMA plastics, Ineos Styrolution, for example, targets high-quality cosmetic packaging, among other products. The plastics manufacturer partners with Hopf Packaging GmbH, Nördlingen, Germany, to develop SAN Luran 338L, thick-walled crystal-clear cosmetic jars (Title figure). They can be colored and personalized by different printing techniques. Together with the globally active Toly Group, Ineos Styrolution developed a creative packaging concept for well-known decorative cosmeti...

Kunststoffe international, 2018-09-19, Clever Tool for Short Cooling Times
The precise prediction of polypropylene’s crystallization behavior is of great economic importance. Not only do important processing parameters – such as mold temperature and time, and therefore productivity – depend on it, but so do the mechanical properties of the manufactured product. DSC measurements are helpful in precisely assessing the influence of different nucleating agents. The most common forming technique for manufacturing polypropylene is injection molding. The polymer melt is fille...

Kunststoffe international, 2019-12-18, Technical Excellence thanks to Digital Assistance
... the method now presented, PU is introduced into the mold in two components, comparable to the RIM process. This produces two fairly thick-walled, crystal-clear surfaces. Since the second operation is a cross-linking process, the applied surfaces can easily vary in wall thickness and have an own structure. This produces very striking effects with a good depth effect. Theses surfaces have good resistance, and under relatively minor damage have a certain self-healing capability, can be backlit and...


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